病例分享:八旬老妇冠脉造影突然意识丧失,左肢肌力为0,原来是“它”在搞事情

2018-01-06 卢芳 中国循环杂志

患者在行冠脉造影过程中20分钟时,欲拔除动脉导管时患者出现意识丧失,左侧肢体肌力为0,双眼向右侧凝视。

今天的主角是造影剂。病例由中日友好医院CCU的韩镜提供。

一位八旬老妇,因诉“间断胸闷、心悸、气短3个月”就诊。

经一系列检查诊断为冠心病、不稳定性心绞痛、纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能Ⅱ级、高血压2级(高危)。

患者在行冠脉造影过程中20分钟时,欲拔除动脉导管时患者出现意识丧失,左侧肢体肌力为0,双眼向右侧凝视。

血管疾病还是其他?

50分钟后双侧颈动脉造影结果显示,颈动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉未见狭窄及出血,患者意识恢复,左侧肢体肌力恢复至4级。

头颅CT示蛛网膜下腔多发高密度影,头颅动脉成像未见大血管阻塞,但头颅核磁共振(MRI)未见蛛网膜下腔出血信号。造影剂脑病逐渐“浮出水面”。

之后患者转入CCU后,当天到次日,陆续出现癫痫发作,意识丧失,全身抽搐,甚至心脏骤停。

当晚八点头颅CT可见脑组织肿胀明显,右侧较左侧明显,右侧半球、左侧额叶、左侧枕叶明显,蛛网膜下腔高密度影较前明显吸收。

基于患者情况,先予以口咽通气道开放气道,面罩吸氧,约束带保护性约束四肢,留置右锁骨下深静脉置管及尿管,予以镇静、水化、抗癫痫、降颅压等药物治疗,后因心脏骤停,立即胸外按压,气管插管,呼吸机辅助呼吸。

之后经过积极治疗后第三天,患者清醒,巴宾斯基征阴性。头颅CT显示,右侧半球广泛病变,水肿改善。第四天,拔除气管插管,去除冰毯。

一周余,患者病情渐趋平稳,转入神经内科继续治疗。

作者介绍说,造影剂脑病是一种由于使用血管造影剂而导致的急性、自限性、预后良好的短暂神经系统功能紊乱。国内有研究显示,发病率为0.51%。

其中高龄、高血压等均为高危因素,而本例患者既往有高血压20余年。此外,造影剂种类和剂量的选择也是其发生的重要因素。

CT可出现异常的皮质增强及脑水肿,蛛网膜下腔及纹状体的对比增强。

作者指出,这一病例提示对于患者要评估高危因素,谨慎选择造影剂。迅速诊断,充分水化等或可有效防治造影剂脑病。

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    2018-01-08 sodoo
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    2018-01-07 wl1122050

    确实比较危急.预防重于处理.

    0

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    2018-01-06 hhh678

    henhao

    0

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离子型:离子型造影剂按结构分为单酸单体和单酸二聚体。单酸单体的代表药物有泛影葡胺(可用于各种血管造影及静脉肾孟造影。用于不同器官时,其浓度亦不同)、碘他拉葡胺等。离子型造影剂的副反应发生率高,肌体的耐受性差。非离子型碘造影剂较离子型毒副作用小,可用于各种血管造影及经血管的造影检查。非离子型造影剂副反应发生率低,肌体的耐受性好。本研究为了验证在以相同碘注射率的条件下注射相同或较低剂量的对比剂时通过C

Ann Intern Med:冠脉造影是否可降低不稳定性心绞痛死亡率

非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征包括不稳定性心绞痛和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死。大多数对比常规与选择性侵入性冠状动脉造影随机对照试验的对照组和干预组具有较高的交叉率,并且没有包括不稳定性心绞痛的亚组分析。因此,关于在不稳定性心绞痛中使用血管造影术,没有明确的具体建议。

JAHA:冠脉手术后的桡动脉和尺动脉阻塞以及抗凝治疗的影响

RAO和UAO发生频率相似,当冠脉手术后进行血管超声早期评估时大约为7%-8%。