Blood:如何治疗伊布替尼耐药的CLL患者?

2017-03-24 佚名 梅斯医学

自BTK抑制剂伊布替尼获批上市以来,慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)的治疗发生了巨大改变,不管是复发CLL、初治CLL,还是高危CLL,伊布替尼均显示出良好疗效,但同时也带来伊布替尼耐药这一问题。来自美国的Woyach教授在BLOOD杂志上就伊布替尼耐药的检测和治疗进行了讨论。在《Blood:3个病例,教你鉴别CLL伊布替尼耐药》中通过描述3个病例,简单介绍了一下伊布替尼耐药检测。本文将承接上文,进一

自BTK抑制剂伊布替尼获批上市以来,慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)的治疗发生了巨大改变,不管是复发CLL、初治CLL,还是高危CLL,伊布替尼均显示出良好疗效,但同时也带来伊布替尼耐药这一问题。来自美国的Woyach教授在BLOOD杂志上就伊布替尼耐药的检测和治疗进行了讨论。在《Blood:3个病例,教你鉴别CLL伊布替尼耐药》中通过描述3个病例,简单介绍了一下伊布替尼耐药检测。本文将承接上文,进一步叙述Woyach教授是如何应对这类伊布替尼耐药患者的。

伊布替尼治疗复发后的治疗数据

很多新药用于治疗伊布替尼耐药患者,最有前景的药物是BCL2抑制剂venetoclax,ORR可达70%,但CR率相对较低,预期12个月PFS率80%,治疗后的缓解时间与缓解深度有关。

伊布替尼耐药淋巴瘤中PI3K上调很常见,提示含idelalisib治疗可能对伊布替尼耐药患者有效。PI3K p110 γ/δ抑制剂duvelisib的临床前数据显示该药可能对C481S BTK突变者有效,但初期研究并未显示duvelisib的疗效,可能与患者未按照BTK突变状态分层有关。

伊布替尼耐药后采用idelalisib治疗ORR 28%,中位PFS 8个月。Syk抑制剂entospletinib正在研究中,该药可能会克服PLCG2突变产生的耐药,初期数据显示ORR 28%。

其他有前景的药物和靶点

与复发有关的突变不会显着改变BCR途径,因此BCR其他靶点也可能是合理的治疗选择,GDC-0853、ARQ-531和SNS-062均为可逆BTK抑制剂,并在临床前研究中显示出疗效,尚缺少临床数据。

对PCLG2或BTK突变时,其他它下游靶点如PKCβ可能具有临床治疗作用,临床前研究显示sotrastaurin具有治疗作用,不过仍是缺少临床数据。

靶向BTK、但与伊布替尼作用方式不同的药物也在研究之中,包括HSP90抑制剂、HDAC抑制剂和XPO1抑制剂。体外研究显示HSP90抑制剂能克服伊布替尼耐药,HDAC抑制剂能抑制BTK蛋白表达、具有细胞毒作用且能抑制C481S BTK信号,XPO1/CRM1抑制剂selinexor也可抑制BTK基因表达,对BTK C481S突变细胞株和动物模型有治疗作用。

伊布替尼治疗中复发或高风险复发患者的治疗

临床工作中,Woyach教授遇到伊布替尼耐药时会考虑疾病短期治疗和长期控制两个方面(图2)。首先,若要短期控制疾病,可能考虑临床研究,复发时应再次进行FISH和细胞遗传学检查。17p缺失者可考虑venetoclax,不伴17p缺失者可考虑idelalisib+利妥昔单抗治疗,由于PI3K抑制剂的PFS有限,idelalisib最好作为长期治疗策略的桥接治疗。Venetoclax治疗若获得CR,患者可能获得根治。化学免疫疗法或单药CD20抗体不是合理的治疗手段,有数据显示其无效。

Woyach教授治疗伊布替尼耐药CLL的流程图

其次,若要长期控制疾病,若患者年龄、状态和器官功能允许,Woyach教授倾向于减低强度的干细胞移植,不适合移植者则考虑CAR-T细胞的临床研究作为长期治疗策略。

另外,Richter转化也非常具有挑战性,患者预后不佳,相关研究数据缺乏。不伴复杂核型或非克隆相关的Richter转化,可采用化学免疫治疗,通常是R-EPOCH,效果可能会不错。但对于其他患者,应尽量招募至临床研究。免疫节点抑制剂也可能是一种有前景的治疗手段。伊布替尼治疗后发生Richter转化者,若可能,均应考虑移植。

对基线复杂核型CLL,若拟采用伊布替尼治疗,Woyach教授通常会给予BTK为基础的联合治疗,尽管单药伊布替尼仍可获得大于1年的缓解时间,但应高度警惕复发风险。联合治疗可能延长缓解持续时间,因此很多患者可能会接受联合治疗带来的副作用。年轻、多次复发伴复杂核型者,伊布替尼治疗后的缓解期间应考虑干细胞移植,当然随着新药研发,移植治疗会后移,但仍适合高危患者。

Woyach教授等对所有患者每3个月进行一次BTK和PLCG2突变检查,突变可用于预测复发。临床研究中,若患者出现伊布替尼耐药突变,可考虑加入新的药物以延长缓解持续时间,但能否延长缓解仍未知。

结语

现如今,伊布替尼耐药虽并不常见,但势必会成为临床治疗中的一大问题。研究人员已开展了大量研究,以识别出哪些患者高危耐药。对于高危耐药患者,应考虑联合治疗,或将伊布替尼作为干细胞移植或其他长期干预手段的桥接治疗。另外,识别提示复发的标志可有助于在疾病加速进展前对患者进行干预。虽然,BTK抑制剂的应用是CLL治疗领域的重大进展,但仍有很多问题需要深入研究,进而改善患者生存和生活质量。

原始出处:

Jennifer A. Woyach.  How I manage ibrutinib-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.  Blood 2017 :blood-2016-09-693598

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=239859, encodeId=ab9d239859f4, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 03 00:12:55 CST 2017, time=2017-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=239163, encodeId=f4d723916331, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 01 05:33:54 CST 2017, time=2017-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1288704, encodeId=bd121288e0430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=11fd2565952' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伊布替尼#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25659, encryptionId=11fd2565952, topicName=伊布替尼)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a8e213, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Sun Mar 26 07:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182512, encodeId=6d2018251202, content=继续关注,继续努力!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 00:12:16 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182478, encodeId=70b41824e825, content=对于高危耐药患者,应考虑联合治疗,或将伊布替尼作为干细胞移植或其他长期干预手段的桥接治疗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd301464769, createdName=Albert Wu, createdTime=Fri Mar 24 21:55:03 CST 2017, time=2017-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182452, encodeId=f93b18245203, content=继续学习 继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Fri Mar 24 17:55:39 CST 2017, time=2017-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-25 明天会更好!

    继续关注,继续努力!

    0

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    2017-03-24 Albert Wu

    对于高危耐药患者,应考虑联合治疗,或将伊布替尼作为干细胞移植或其他长期干预手段的桥接治疗

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=239859, encodeId=ab9d239859f4, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 03 00:12:55 CST 2017, time=2017-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=239163, encodeId=f4d723916331, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 01 05:33:54 CST 2017, time=2017-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1288704, encodeId=bd121288e0430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=11fd2565952' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伊布替尼#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25659, encryptionId=11fd2565952, topicName=伊布替尼)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a8e213, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Sun Mar 26 07:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182512, encodeId=6d2018251202, content=继续关注,继续努力!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 00:12:16 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182478, encodeId=70b41824e825, content=对于高危耐药患者,应考虑联合治疗,或将伊布替尼作为干细胞移植或其他长期干预手段的桥接治疗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd301464769, createdName=Albert Wu, createdTime=Fri Mar 24 21:55:03 CST 2017, time=2017-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182452, encodeId=f93b18245203, content=继续学习 继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Fri Mar 24 17:55:39 CST 2017, time=2017-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-24 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习 继续关注

    0

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