J Cell Biol:糖尿病发病机理研究取得进展

2017-11-16 佚名 中科院遗传发育所

糖尿病是21世纪全球发病率最高和最严重的健康问题之一。糖尿病会引发中风、心血管疾病、慢性肾衰竭、失明、截肢等多种并发症,严重影响了人类的身体健康和生活水平。

糖尿病是21世纪全球发病率最高和最严重的健康问题之一。糖尿病会引发中风、心血管疾病、慢性肾衰竭、失明、截肢等多种并发症,严重影响了人类的身体健康和生活水平。

糖尿病是由于机体胰岛素分泌不足或利用障碍,导致血糖长期高于标准值的一种代谢性疾病。胰岛素由胰腺β细胞分泌,在维持机体血糖平衡中起着关键作用,当胰岛素合成出现障碍将会引起血糖失衡,造成糖尿病。胰岛素原是胰岛素的前体,主要在胰腺β细胞内质网中合成,正确折叠后,从内质网运输到高尔基体上进行剪切,产生胰岛素和C-肽。但是,有关胰岛素原从内质网运输到高尔基体的具体机制仍不清楚。

中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所许执恒研究组的前期研究表明,cTAGE5/MEA6在肝脏中参与调控大分子物质—极低密度脂蛋白,从内质网到高尔基体的运输过程及分泌。通过构建cTAGE5在胰腺β细胞中特异性敲除的小鼠模型,研究人员发现cTAGE5基因敲除后,造成小鼠严重的糖尿病。小鼠血糖明显升高,胰岛素水平显着下降,失去了对血糖的正常调节作用。进一步的分子机制研究发现,cTAGE5与V-SNARE蛋白Sec22b之间存在相互作用,并且cTAGE5与Sec22b之间的相互作用在胰岛素原运输过程中起着关键作用。因此,cTAGE5可通过招募Sec22b,然后与Sec22b一起调控COPII囊泡释放,从而调控胰岛素原的运输及胰岛素的分泌(见图)。该研究首次证实cTAGE5在小分子物质(胰岛素)的分泌运输中的重要作用,进一步阐明了胰岛素原囊泡运输的分子机制,为开辟新的糖尿病诊断/治疗途径提供理论基础。

11月13日,相关研究结果于在线发表在The Journal of Cell Biology上。研究工作得到了国家自然科学基金和中科院项目的支持。

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    2018-02-15 sunylz
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    2018-10-14 维他命
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