口服胆汁治疗梗阻性黄疸,这个操作厉害了!

2018-11-23 Eason 医学界消化肝病频道

科里昨天收了一位84岁的老先生,无明显诱因皮肤及巩膜黄染3个月,门诊完善了实验室及影像学检查后,结果提示梗阻性黄疸,肝门部狭窄(Bismuth ⅳ型)。经过评估病情,我们决定先行经皮胆道引流(transhepatic biliary drainage ,PTBD),缓解黄疸之后再做下一步处理

科里昨天收了一位84岁的老先生,无明显诱因皮肤及巩膜黄染3个月,门诊完善了实验室及影像学检查后,结果提示梗阻性黄疸,肝门部狭窄(Bismuth ⅳ型)。经过评估病情,我们决定先行经皮胆道引流(transhepatic biliary drainage ,PTBD),缓解黄疸之后再做下一步处理。

1
引流出来的胆汁要倒掉吗?

胆汁正常生理状态下是由肝脏持续分泌,并储存于胆囊内。正常成人每天可分泌800~1200mL胆汁,其中大部分经肠肝循环再次重吸收,仅少量随粪便排出体外。胆汁的主要成分是水,占97%,其他的成分包括胆盐、胆色素、胆固醇、卵磷脂、无机盐等。

胆汁可以在进食时经胆总管排放入肠道,有乳化脂肪、抑制肠内致病菌生长和内毒素形成、保护肠道粘膜屏障的功能、刺激肠蠕动等作用。

患者在PTBD术后可由于持续的胆汁外引流而造成胆汁的大量丢失,继而出现食欲不振、脂肪泻、水和电解质平衡紊乱,肠道粘膜屏障功能受损等。

所以说,这么重要的引流液,白白倒掉岂不是很可惜?

2
如何处理引流出来的胆汁?

可以胆汁回输呀!简单地说,就是把自体或异体引流出来的胆汁收集在无菌容器内,经过简单的处理,再次回输至体内,可以使胆汁再次被利用。一方面可以减少体液的丢失,另一方面可以恢复胆盐的肠肝循环。

■ 回输前的胆汁应该怎样处理呢?

胆汁外引流3~7天后,涂片未发现细菌,脱落细胞未发现肿瘤细胞即可开始回输;

处理胆汁应以不降低胆汁浓度、尽最大可能保持原有成分为处理原则;

引流胆汁含有絮状物时应在过滤后再回输;

胆汁过于黏稠时可稀释后与营养液一同输入,避免堵塞输注管;

每2~3天做一次胆汁培养,存在细菌感染、污染时应避免回输。

■ 回输的过程中应注意什么?

应尽量减少引流与回输之间的时间间隔,最好在引流后的6小时内;

每2~3小时回输1次;

胆汁可适当加温至38~40℃;

床头抬高30°~45°;

如果患者无法耐受回输的胆汁,那么应将剩余的胆汁弃去。

■ 有哪些回输方式呢?

引流出来的胆汁可以通过口服或营养管、造瘘口回输,两种方法均有各自的优缺点。

口服胆汁虽然方便易行,但是研究人员认为从理论上说,一方面胆汁较苦,长期服用会对患者造成心理障碍,另一方面胆汁会对粘膜造成损伤。而对于通过营养管或造瘘口回输的患者,存在着营养管本身对患者的机械性刺激,易造成患者舒适度的下降、营养管的易位、滑脱、堵塞等问题。因此在临床中应该根据患者本身的情况来决定采用的方案。

3
口服胆汁时,如何改善口感?

1. 鼓励患者从少量开始(30ml),逐渐增加口服的剂量;

2. 分次口服;

3. 服用前可以根据自己的喜好可添加白糖、柠檬汁改善口感。

4
口服通过营养管或造口回输胆汁时应注意什么?

1. 可以泵入,泵入速度采取循序渐进的原则。开始时20ml/h,如无腹部症状可逐渐增加至100ml/h;

2. 每日应常规使用温生理盐水脉冲式冲洗输注管两次,回输前后也应采用同样的方式冲洗输注管,以防止形成结晶或堵塞;

注意:回输过程中可能会出现腹痛、腹胀、腹泻等不适,可视严重程度给药减缓或暂停回输胆汁,并给予对症治疗。

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    2019-01-03 18219ae645m

    厉害了,学习

    0

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    2018-11-25 易水河

    有点惊艳到了

    0

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    2018-11-25 楚秀娟
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礼来公司收购Chugai在研口服非肽类GLP-1受体激动剂用于治疗糖尿病

Lilly已签订协议开发Chugai的OWL833,一种口服非肽类GLP-1(胰高血糖素样肽-1)受体激动剂,目前正处于II期糖尿病的I期临床试验阶段。

PNAS:科学治疗糖尿病突破针剂限制:口服“胰岛素药丸”或可逆转糖尿病

如果让我们选择吃药或自己用注射器给自己注射,我们大多数人会选择通过吃药片来缓解健康状况。但是对于数百万患有糖尿病的人来说,每天一次或两次痛苦的针刺是唯一的选择,因为他们的身体不能自行生产胰岛素。

FDA批准**口服促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂用于治疗子宫内膜异位症

AbbVie和Neurocrine近日宣布美国FDA批准Orilissa作为首个也是唯一一个口服促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)拮抗剂,专门用于治疗患有中度至重度子宫内膜异位症疼痛的女性患者。

Clin Oral Invest:双膦酸盐类药物对细胞活性的影响

本文旨在分析口服双膦酸盐对口服双膦酸盐的影响,并比较静脉注射双膦酸盐对各种细胞类型的效力,以及口服双膦酸盐引起的双膦酸盐相关的颌骨坏死(BP-ONJ)的罕见性。