Cancer Discovery:CAR-T耐药谁之过?T细胞or癌细胞?

2020-02-03 Blake 转化医学网

对于B细胞淋巴瘤患者,CART19是一种重要的疗法。然而,其高达10-20%的原发性耐药率是该疗法的一大障碍。但耐药性主要是T细胞导致还是癌细胞导致,尚未定论。

对于B细胞淋巴瘤患者,CART19是一种重要的疗法。然而,其高达10-20%的原发性耐药率是该疗法的一大障碍。但耐药性主要是T细胞导致还是癌细胞导致,尚未定论。

近日,宾夕法尼亚大学研究人员发现,癌细胞死亡受体信号通路在CAR-T耐药中发挥重要的作用,可导致对CAR-T细胞的原发性耐药,以及CAR-T细胞进行性功能受损。该研究发表于近日的《Cancer Discovery》期刊上。

CAR-T是一种新的免疫疗法,通过对患者T细胞的基因修饰,使其能识别表达特定分子的癌细胞,然后再输注到患者体内,增殖并杀伤患者体内癌细胞。

急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)患者对靶向CD19的CART19疗法原发性耐药率为10-20%,但其机制尚不清楚。而且,目前大多数研究都是围绕着T细胞的缺陷展开的。该研究则发现,耐药性的关键可能在于癌细胞的一个死亡信号通路,它导致癌细胞抗原持续存在,进而损伤T细胞功能,从而导致对CART19的耐药性。

首先,研究人员利用CRISPR/Cas9技术,对Nalm6细胞(一种急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞系)进行了全基因组范围的单基因功能缺失编辑,并与CART19细胞共培养24小时进行压力选择,进而分离并鉴定与耐药性相关的信号通路。


通过全基因组敲除筛选CAR-T19耐药性机制

研究人员发现,对CAR-T具有耐药性的细胞,激活细胞死亡通路的基因都被耗竭,特别是FADD、BID、CASP8和TNFRSF10B基因。相反,一些拮抗细胞死亡通路的基因则得到富集,如CFLAR、TRAF2和BIRC2。而且,未能杀伤癌细胞的CAR-T的增殖受到了明显的抑制。对FADD、BID基因的敲除的Nalm6细胞对化疗药物并没有耐药性,说明这种耐药性是对T细胞特异的。

而且,在动物实验中,这种现象比体外实验更加明显。在NSG小鼠体内,癌细胞的长期存活导致T细胞功能紊乱。

随后,研究人员在tisagenlecleucel(Kymriah)治疗ALL的两个多中心临床试验(NCT02435849,NCT02228096)进行了验证。通过对输注前和输注后CAR-T细胞和癌细胞的基因分析,以及对相应临床结果的比较。研究人员发现,癌细胞中死亡受体基因表达的减少与CART19细胞功能降低、CART19细胞增殖,以及患者总体生存率降低密切相关。


急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)对CAR-T19耐药性发生的示意图

总之,该研究表明,CAR-T耐药性的发生不仅仅是T细胞导致的(如患者自身T细胞功能的缺失),癌细胞中死亡受体信号功能的失调直接导致了CAR-T细胞杀伤功能的降低,或许是CAR-T耐药性的关键因素。

同时,研究人员推断,对于同种异体CAR-T或通用型CAR-T(UCAR-T),即采用健康供体的T细胞制备的CAR-T,也可能会遇到同样的耐药性问题。该研究为CAR-T疗法的改进提供了重要的依据,同时也为针对癌细胞相关信号通路的治疗提供了新的理念。

原始出处:

Nathan Singh, Yong Gu Lee, Olga Shestova, et.al. Impaired death receptor signaling in leukemia causes antigen-independent resistance by inducing CAR T cell dysfunction. Cancer Discovery January 30, 2020

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    2020-02-24 仁者大医
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    2020-09-09 yahu
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    2020-02-05 yxch36
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    2020-02-05 yankaienglish

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