Thyroid:甲状腺激素受体α基因的胚系突变易导致出现皮肤标记和黑色素细胞痣。

2021-10-22 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

所有病例均记录到多个皮肤标记和痣,主要位于头部和颈部,有屈曲部位居多的倾向。

背景:甲状腺激素(TH)的许多生理作用是通过核受体(TH受体α和β[TRα和TRβ])调节靶基因的转录而介导的。人类反式甲状腺激素α(RTHα)的杂合性显性负性突变,以特定组织的甲状腺功能减退(如骨骼发育不良、神经发育迟缓、便秘)为特征,但循环中TH浓度接近正常。到目前为止,全世界已记录了41例RTHα病例。

方法:在同一中心就诊的10例RTHα患者接受了皮肤评估,记录了皮肤损伤情况。对不同的RTHα患者切除的病灶进行组织学分析,并描绘增殖和致癌潜能的细胞标志物。分析病例组和对照组真皮成纤维细胞和可诱导多能干细胞(IPSC)来源的角质形成细胞的增殖特性。

结果:所有病例均记录到多个皮肤标记和痣,主要位于头部和颈部,有屈曲部位居多的倾向。患者具有高度恶性突变可能(p.E403X、p.E403K、p.F397fs406X、p.A382PfsX7)或TRa1a和DT Ra2亚型常见的轻/中度功能丧失突变(p.A263V、p.L274P)。在4例患者中,虽然由于美容原因切除的皮损在组织学上是良性的真皮内黑色素细胞痣,但它们的细胞增殖标记(K17,CyclinD1)和3型脱碘酶明显过度表达。此外,基底细胞癌(Gli-1,Gli-2,PTCH-1,n=2)和黑色素瘤(c-kit,MAGE,CDK4,n=1)的致癌标记明显上调。含有反式突变的真皮成纤维细胞和IPSC来源的角质形成细胞的细胞周期进程和增殖明显增加。

图1 患有THRA突变和皮肤病变的患者。四种不同THRA突变患者的皮肤(P1,P6右图)和痣(P4,P5,P6左图)的代表性图像。

表 RTHα患者的临床特征、基因型和皮损

图2 野生型和突变THRA等位基因在皮肤痣中差异表达。(A) 用于扩增四种不同患者的野生型(wt)和突变(mut)等位基因的寡核苷酸的DNA序列及其相对(%)mRNA表达*符号用于将核苷酸细分为五组。(B) PCR分析四个痣中wt和mut等位基因的mRNA表达水平。mRNA,信使RNA;NTC,非模板控制;PCR,聚合酶链反应。

结论:我们的观察突出了RTHα中皮肤标记和良性黑色素细胞痣的较多出现,患者的皮肤细胞处于过度增殖状态。如此多的皮肤损伤,包括表达致癌标志物的痣,表明有必要对RTHα患者的皮肤进行监测,监测可疑肿瘤性变化的皮损特征。

原文出处:

 Di Cicco E,  Moran C,  Visser WE,et al.Germ Line Mutations in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Gene Predispose to Cutaneous Tags and Melanocytic Nevi.Thyroid 2021 07;31(7)

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    2022-07-10 sunylz
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    2021-10-23 yese
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