Ann Intern Med:美三大学会吵架!针对"美国医师协会新指南放松控糖目标:大部分患者HbA1c<8%"

2018-03-07 文韬 中国循环杂志

近日,美国医师协会发表新指南,推荐大部分成人2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)目标值为7%~8%。

近日,美国医师协会发表新指南,推荐大部分成人2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)目标值为7%~8%。


这与大部分现有指南不同,美国临床内分泌医师协会和国家糖尿病联盟指南推荐,大部分糖尿病患者的HbA1c目标值应为≤6.5%,中国2型糖尿病防治指南、美国糖尿病学会和欧洲糖尿病研究学会推荐的目标值为<7%。

对此,美国糖尿病学会、美国临床内分泌医师协会均表示了异议。

美国医师协会:HbA1c≤7%不能减少死亡和大血管并发症

美国医师协会指出,对现有指南背后证据的分析发现,相比HbA1c控制在8%以下,控制在≤7%并不能减少死亡和大血管并发症,如心肌梗死卒中,却会导致严重危害。对于大部分2型糖尿病患者,达到HbA1c 7%~8%将会带来最好的长期获益与危害(如低血糖、药物负担和费用)的平衡。

此外,临床医生还应考虑对达到HbA1c水平<6.5%的2型糖尿病患者进行去强化药物治疗。

美国医师协会对5各大型RCT研究进行了分析,还比较了强化(HbA1c 6.3%~7.4%)和宽松(HbA1c 7.3%~8.4%)目标值对微血管并发症的效果。

结果发现,强化血糖控制的微血管替代终点减少(如眼底病变)获益较少,而不能预防视力下降。而且所有研究都证实,强化组需要更多的药物,而且不良反应明显增加。

美国糖尿病学会:威胁到可从较低目标值获益的患者

美国糖尿病学会指出,对于糖尿病,应个体化设定目标值,但将大部分2型糖尿病患者的目标值设为7%~8%,将给可能安全获益于具有循证证据的较低目标值的患者带来潜在危害。

对于去强化的建议,美国糖尿病学会认为,如果能够达到个体化目标值,推荐去强化或简化复杂的治疗方案,以降低老年人的低血糖风险,但任何去强化都应基于低血糖发生等因素,而非一个数值。

美国临床内分泌医师协会:绝对错误,是倒退

美国临床内分泌医师协会也认为,这是绝对错误和倒退的。我们非常惊讶于这种严重忽视数据和证据的行为。没有证据支持在大部分糖尿病患者管理中设定较高的目标值,而有充足的证据显示较低的HbA1c更佳。

而对达标的患者减少药物治疗实在是不够明智。因为,“一旦停药,患者将失去血糖控制。”

老年或慢性病患者不设目标值?

美国医师协会新指南还认为,对于因≥80岁、居住在疗养院或伴有慢性病(如痴呆、癌症、终末期肾病、严重慢性阻塞性肺疾病或慢性心衰)而预期寿命少于10年的2型糖尿病患者,临床医生治疗的目的应该是尽量减少高血糖相关症状而非达到HbA1c目标值,因为这对该人群而言危害大于获益。

美国糖尿病学会表示,虽然该推荐与美国糖尿病学会的终末期推荐是一致的,但美国糖尿病学会不同意这广泛适用于所有年龄≥80岁、居住在疗养院或伴有慢性病的预期寿命受限患者。应对具体病例进行个体化评估。

美国临床内分泌医师协会则表示,对于病危、患有癌症、预期寿命短的患者,与使用HbA1c相比,仅关注血糖可能更有意义。将血糖保持在,比如100~250 mg/dl(也可能是80~300 mg/dl),将确保不会发生低血糖或高血糖症状(如多饮或多尿)。

原始出处:
Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Timothy J. Wilt, MD, MPH; Devan Kansagara, MD, MCR;et al,Hemoglobin A1c Targets for Glycemic Control With Pharmacologic Therapy for Nonpregnant Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Guidance Statement Update From the American College of Physician. Ann Intern Med. 2018.DOI: 10.7326/M17-0939.

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    2018-05-07 Smile2680
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    2018-03-08 秀红

    学习了

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