NAT GENET :艰难梭菌全球流行原因被识别

2012-12-13 NAT GENET NAT GENET

       最新研究显示,由两种不同的菌株,而不是只有一种,导致了2002~2006年艰难梭菌全球流行。这两种菌株对一线抗生素氟喹诺酮产生了耐药性。对治疗的抵抗和该细菌产生的高度感染性孢子使该细菌在全球迅速传播。        艰难梭菌感染结肠的内层,其产生的毒素可导致严重炎症和腹泻。在发达国家,艰难梭菌感染是



       最新研究显示,由两种不同的菌株,而不是只有一种,导致了2002~2006年艰难梭菌全球流行。这两种菌株对一线抗生素氟喹诺酮产生了耐药性。对治疗的抵抗和该细菌产生的高度感染性孢子使该细菌在全球迅速传播。

       艰难梭菌感染结肠的内层,其产生的毒素可导致严重炎症和腹泻。在发达国家,艰难梭菌感染是感染性腹泻的主要原因。由于卫生标准差,艰难梭菌感染常在医疗保健环境中传播。最近几年,艰难梭菌感染率升高了很多,并且也更难以治疗。

        “在2002~2006年,我们看到了广为人知的艰难梭菌在英国、美国、加拿大和欧洲医院中暴发,我们用先进的DNA测序方法来确定这种流行和随后全球传播模式的演变史。” Miao He博士说,“我们发现这次暴发来自艰难梭菌的2种独立流行菌株或系:FQR1和FQR2,两者均在非常短的时期内出现于北美,并且在全球的医院间迅速传播。”

       研究者用在1985~2010年从全球患者采集的样本来测定该细菌流行株的基因图谱。他们发现,在21世纪初菌株对抗生素氟喹诺酮发生耐药时出现了一种主要的遗传变化。

       Brendan Wren教授认为:“直至21世纪初,氟喹诺酮仍是艰难梭菌感染的有效疗法。我们看到自从这些菌株获得对这种一线抗生素的耐药性后,氟喹诺酮现在不仅对该细菌无效,而且耐药性似乎已成为这些菌株在医院及临床环境中持续演变和存在的主要因素。”

       
艰难梭菌的全球暴发

       始于美国的暴发—暴发开始在全球出现,艰难梭菌菌株FQR1的第一次暴发出现于美国并迅速传播至全国。

       始于加拿大的暴发—艰难梭菌另一种菌株FQR2的首次暴发出现于加拿大并迅速传播至全球。这一结果凸显了全球医疗保健系统的密切联系。

       英国的暴发—在发生来自其他国家的大范围地理传播事件后,英国开始出现大规模暴发。埃克塞特、埃尔郡和伯明翰传播事件被确定来自北美。梅德斯通的一次传播事件来自一次洲际事件。这些事件随后在整个英国传播,导致大量暴发。

       “我们揭示了这些耐氟喹诺酮的艰难梭菌容易在全球范围内迅速传播。我们的研究凸显了全球医疗保健系统的密切联系以及当此类暴发出现时,我们所有人迫切需要合作。”Trevor Lawley博士表示,“我们的研究预示着追踪这种重要全球病原体传播的法医微生物学新时代的来临,这项研究目前将有助于我们在遗传水平了解这种变异体如何以及为何具有如此高的侵袭性,可以在全球传播。这项研究将作为临床研究者追踪艰难梭菌暴发中基因组变化的数据库。”

艰难梭菌相关的拓展阅读:




Epidemic C. difficile (027/BI/NAP1) has rapidly emerged in the past decade as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. However, the key events in evolutionary history leading to its emergence and the subsequent patterns of global spread remain unknown. Here, we define the global population structure of C. difficile 027/BI/NAP1 using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We show that two distinct epidemic lineages, FQR1 and FQR2, not one as previously thought, emerged in North America within a relatively short period after acquiring the same fluoroquinolone resistance–conferring mutation and a highly related conjugative transposon. The two epidemic lineages showed distinct patterns of global spread, and the FQR2 lineage spread more widely, leading to healthcare-associated outbreaks in the UK, continental Europe and Australia. Our analysis identifies key genetic changes linked to the rapid transcontinental dissemination of epidemic C. difficile 027/BI/NAP1 and highlights the routes by which it spreads through the global healthcare system.

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    2013-06-18 cy0324
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    2012-12-29 canlab
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    2013-03-19 liye789132251

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