Clin Infect Dis:大剂量利福平联合或不联合左氧氟沙星与标准治疗儿童结核性脑膜炎的随机临床试验

2022-04-08 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

目前治疗肺结核的护理标准与肺结核病相同,即两个月的强化阶段,即异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺和乙胺丁醇,然后是异烟肼和利福平的持续阶段,剂量与肺结核病相同。

背景:结核性脑膜炎(TBM)是一种破坏性疾病,具有很高的死亡率或神经后遗症。幼儿患播散性结核病的风险很高,包括结核分枝杆菌。尽管所有年龄段的患者都可能发生神经损伤--通过直接细菌效应、宿主反应引起的脉管炎或脑脊髓循环障碍,但儿童出现发育后遗症的风险是独一无二的,因为这种疾病及其治疗发生在神经认知发育的关键时期。

根据世界卫生组织(WHO),目前治疗肺结核的护理标准与肺结核病相同,即两个月的强化阶段,即异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺和乙胺丁醇,然后是异烟肼和利福平的持续阶段,剂量与肺结核病相同。唯一不同的是,对TBM的治疗延长到12个月,而在成年人中,世卫组织建议用链霉素取代乙胺丁醇。建议没有考虑到中枢神经系统(CNS)穿透的差异。异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺很容易进入血液和脑脊液,而利福平、乙胺丁醇和链霉素则不能。最近对成人TBM的试验表明,增加利福平的剂量可能会降低死亡率。氟喹诺酮类药物具有良好的中枢神经系统渗透性。氟喹诺酮类药物是否对结肠炎有好处仍不清楚.

根据成人TBM试验中新出现的证据表明,大剂量利福平提供益处,氟喹诺酮类药物可能改善结果,我们开发了药代动力学-药效学(PK-PD)模型来选择儿童使用利福平和左氧氟沙星的剂量。我们设计了儿童结核性脑膜炎(TBM-KILDS)来测试使用这些剂量的方案。此外,由于儿童的结果与成人不同,他们需要不同的工具来衡量它们。采用改良朗金评定量表(MRS)评定功能状态。我们采用了马伦早期学习量表(MSEL)工具来纵向评估神经认知状态。在这里,我们报告了TBM-KILDS的结果,这是第一个针对患有TBM的儿童的抗菌药的随机临床试验(RCT)。

方法:TBM-KILDS(NCT02958709)是一项在印度和马拉维的TBM儿童中进行的II期开放标签随机试验。受试者接受异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺治疗:(A)大剂量利福平(30 mg/kg)和乙胺丁醇(R30HZE,第1组);(B)大剂量利福平和左氧氟沙星(R30HZL,第2组);或(C)标准剂量利福平和乙胺丁醇(R15HZE,第3组),为期8周,然后进行10个月的标准治疗。采用改良朗金量表(MRS)和早期学习马伦量表(MSEL)纵向测量功能和神经认知结果。

结果:预先筛查的2487名儿童中,筛查79名,入选37名。中位年龄为72个月。49%、43%和8%的患者有I、II和III期疾病。在第1、2和3组儿童中,分别有58%、55%和36%的儿童发生3级或更高的不良事件,其中1人死亡(第1组),6人停止早期治疗(第1组4人,第2组和第3组各1人)。到第8周时,所有儿童的MRS评分均恢复到0或1。在精细运动、接受性语言和表达语言领域,第1组的平均MSEL评分明显好于第3组(p<0.01)。

表1 比较三组神经认知结果,在参与研究的过程中进行纵向评估。

图1.随时间推移的改良Rankin评分(MRS),按ARM进行治疗

结论:在一项儿童TBM试验中,功能结果总体上是良好的。接受大剂量利福平治疗的儿童发生不良事件的频率更高,但神经认知结果更好的趋势需要在一项更大规模的试验中得到证实。

原文出处:Paradkar MS,  Devaleenal DB,  Mvalo T, et al.Randomized Clinical Trial of High Dose Rifampicin with or without Levofloxacin versus Standard of Care for Paediatric Tuberculous Meningitis: The TBM-KIDS Trial.Clin Infect Dis 2022 Mar 15

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  4. 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  5. 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  6. 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createdBy=666412016730, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Apr 08 02:33:11 CST 2022, time=2022-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1578712, encodeId=026615e8712ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fbf0436148a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43614, encryptionId=fbf0436148a, topicName=大剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd6a16418535, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Fri Apr 08 02:33:11 CST 2022, time=2022-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-08 仁术2021

    不错,学习了。

    0

  7. 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  8. 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  9. 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  10. 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