NEJM:在不能经受手术的病人中用经导管主动脉瓣置入术治疗主动脉狭窄

2010-11-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

  背景 许多患有严重主动脉狭窄并有并存疾病的病人,不适合接受主动脉瓣置换手术。最近,经导管主动脉瓣置入术(TAVI)已被建议作为主动脉狭窄高危病人的一种创伤较小的治疗。   方法 我们纳入患有严重主动脉狭窄,并且外科医师认为其不适合接受手术的病人,随机安排他们接受标准治疗(包括球囊主动脉瓣膜成形术),或经股动脉经导管植入一个球囊可扩张的牛心包瓣。主要终点是全因死亡率。   结果 共358

  背景 许多患有严重主动脉狭窄并有并存疾病的病人,不适合接受主动脉瓣置换手术。最近,经导管主动脉瓣置入术(TAVI)已被建议作为主动脉狭窄高危病人的一种创伤较小的治疗。

  方法 我们纳入患有严重主动脉狭窄,并且外科医师认为其不适合接受手术的病人,随机安排他们接受标准治疗(包括球囊主动脉瓣膜成形术),或经股动脉经导管植入一个球囊可扩张的牛心包瓣。主要终点是全因死亡率。

  结果 共358例被视为不适合接受手术的主动脉狭窄病人,在21家医学中心(17家在美国)接受了随机分组。1年时,接受TAVI者中的全因死亡率(卡普兰-迈耶分析)为30.7%,相比之下,在接受标准治疗者中为50.7%[接受TAVI的风险比为0.55,95%可信区间(CI)为 0.40~0.74;P<0.001]。接受TAVI者中由全因死亡或再次住院组成的复合终点发生率为42.5%,相比之下,在接受标准治疗者中为 71.6%(风险比为0.46,95%CI为0.35~0.59;P<0.001)。在1年时的生存者中,心脏症状(纽约心脏学会分级为Ⅲ或Ⅳ级)的发生率,在接受TAVI的病人中低于接受标准治疗的病人(25.2%对58.0%,P<0.001)。30天时,与标准治疗相比,TAVI与严重卒中(5.0%对1.1%,P=0.06)和严重血管并发症(16.2%对1.1%,P<0.001)发生率较高相关。在TAVI后1年中,根据超声心动图中狭窄或反流的证据评估,生物瓣膜的功能没有退化。

  结论 在不适合接受手术的严重主动脉狭窄病人中,与标准治疗相比,TAVI显著降低了全因死亡率,由全因死亡或再次住院组成的复合终点发生率,以及心脏症状的发生率,尽管接受TAVI者中严重卒中和严重血管事件的发生率较高。

  (N Engl J Med 2010;363:1597-1607. October 21,2010)

全文下载:http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1008232

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    2010-11-07 lsj631
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糖尿病患者往往因治疗不当,容易导致低血糖的发生,但是低血糖的发生对心血管事件的影响,一直没有定论。一项最新的临床试验(NCT00145925)Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) study,研究 11

NEJM:肾脏疾病和2型糖尿病患者中的红细胞生成反应与转归

  斯科特·D·所罗门等 美国波士顿市布里格姆和妇女医院心血管科等   背景 在有慢性肾疾病的患者中,比较较低与较高血红蛋白目标值的红细胞生成刺激剂(ESA)非安慰剂对照试验表明,以达到较低的血红蛋白范围为目标,有可能避免ESA相关性危险。然而,基于目标的策略受到每例患者个体化造血反应的混杂影响。   方法 我们在1872例有慢性肾疾病和2型糖尿病的患者中,评估了在2次基于体重的给药后,患

NEJM:慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中急性发作的易患性

  ECLIPSE研究组成员   背景 尽管我们知道,急性发作是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)中的重要事件,但我们对其发生频率、决定因素和影响的了解不完全。我们在一个大型观察性队列中,对以下假设进行了检验:COPD有一种不依赖于疾病严重度的频繁急性发作的表型。   方法 我们在2138例被纳入纵向评估COPD以识别预见性替代终点(ECLIPSE)研究的病人中,分析了急性发作的频率和相关性。急性

NEJM:抗GD2抗体联合GM-CSF、白介素-2和维甲酸治疗成神经细胞瘤

  背景 临床前数据和初步临床数据表明,ch14.18(一种抗肿瘤相关二唾液酸神经节苷酯GD2的单克隆抗体)有抗成神经细胞瘤的活性,并且当ch14.18与粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)或白介素-2结合时,这种活性被增强。我们进行了一项研究,以确定在多模式强化治疗后,在标准异维a酸治疗基础上增加ch14.18、GM-CSF和白介素-2,是否可改善高危成神经细胞瘤(病人)的转归。  

NEJM:妊娠中的恶心和呕吐[临床实践]

  一名25岁、首次妊娠的妇女,因末次月经后持续恶心和呕吐8周就诊。她的初级保健医师不愿意给她用药。她在6周内体重减轻了5 磅(2.3 kg)。应如何对她进行治疗?    临床问题   大约50%的妇女在妊娠早期有恶心和呕吐,还有25%的妇女只有恶心1,2。大众用语“晨吐”用词不当,因为这种情况经常持续全天2。在大约35%有这种情况的妇女中,恶心和呕吐具有临床意义,可导致误工,并对家庭关系