Science Advances: 突破!东南大学刘必成/吕林莉开发新的递送系统,治疗缺血性急性肾损伤

2020-08-17 椰子 iNature

最近的研究表明,在从化学治疗到基因治疗的各种情况下,将细胞外小泡用作强大而可行的纳米载体进行药物输送的潜力。与现有的递送系统相比,细胞外小泡的独特优势是其天然来源,这使它们能够逃避吞噬作用。

细胞外小泡(EVs),例如外泌体和微小泡,是细胞以组成型或诱导型方式分泌的小膜颗粒(大小为40至1000 nm)。最近的研究表明,在从化学治疗到基因治疗的各种情况下,将细胞外小泡用作强大而可行的纳米载体进行药物输送的潜力。与现有的递送系统相比,细胞外小泡的独特优势是其天然来源,这使它们能够逃避吞噬作用,延长治疗剂的半衰期并降低免疫原性。

2020年8月14日,东南大学刘必成及吕林莉共同通讯在Science Advances 在线发表题为“Extracellular vesicle–encapsulated IL-10 as novel nanotherapeutics against ischemic AKI”的研究论文,该研究报告了一种通过工程巨噬细胞来制造负载白介素10(IL-10)的细胞外小泡(IL-10 + EV)的方法,用于治疗缺血性急性肾损伤(AKI)。

由于细胞外小泡表面上的粘合剂成分,通过细胞外小泡输送IL-10不仅增强了IL-10的稳定性,而且还提高了其对肾脏的靶向性。IL-10 + EV的治疗显着改善了缺血/再灌注损伤引起的肾小管损伤和炎症,并有效防止了向慢性肾脏病的转变。从机制上讲,IL-10 +EV靶向肾小管上皮细胞,并抑制了雷帕霉素信号传导的哺乳动物靶标,从而促进线粒体的正常功能。此外,IL-10 +EV通过靶向肾小管间质中的巨噬细胞有效地驱动了M2巨噬细胞极化。该研究表明,EV可作为操纵IL-10有效治疗缺血性AKI的有前途的递送平台。

急性肾损伤(AKI),一种肾功能的突然丧失,与高住院率和死亡率相关。此外,急性肾损伤经常增加患慢性肾脏病(CKD)和终末期肾脏疾病的风险。但是,尚无明确的疗法来治疗既定的急性肾损伤或阻止其发展为慢性肾脏病。

白介素10(IL-10)是一种功能强大的免疫调节剂,具有强大的抗炎和组织再生能力。在急性肾损伤中,研究表明IL-10可通过限制炎症细胞因子的产生和免疫细胞浸润来预防缺血,表明IL-10可能是一种潜在的治疗方法。但是,细胞因子易受化学和物理不稳定的影响,并不可避免地激活循环中的白细胞,这可能会导致患者伤害或降低治疗效果。解决该问题的关键是提高IL-10的稳定性并选择性地靶向受损的肾脏。

细胞外小泡(EVs),例如外泌体和微小泡,是细胞以组成型或诱导型方式分泌的小膜颗粒(大小为40至1000 nm)。最近的研究表明,在从化学治疗到基因治疗的各种情况下,将细胞外小泡用作强大而可行的纳米载体进行药物输送的潜力。与现有的递送系统相比,细胞外小泡的独特优势是其天然来源,这使它们能够逃避吞噬作用,延长治疗剂的半衰期并降低免疫原性。因此,基于细胞外小泡的药物递送系统可能是操纵IL-10以有效治疗急性肾损伤的有吸引力的候选方法。

在这里,该研究报道了一种制备从巨噬细胞衍生的负载IL-10的细胞外小泡(IL-10 + EV)的有效方法,并研究了IL-10 +EV在缺血性AKI鼠模型中的治疗效果。IL-10 + EV能够增强IL-10的稳定性,并由于EV表面上的整联蛋白α4β1,α5β1,αLβ2和αMβ2等粘附成分而有效地靶向受伤的肾脏。IL-10 + EV的治疗不仅针对肾小管间质中的巨噬细胞,而且针对肾脏中的肾小管上皮细胞(TECs),都显着改善了肾脏缺血/再灌注(I / R)损伤,并防止了AKI向CKD的转变。

具体而言,该研究显示IL-10 + EV抑制了哺乳动物雷帕霉素(mTOR)的靶标,因此促进了线粒体代谢以维持TEC中的线粒体适应性。该研究发现强烈支持将EV用作IL-10的多功能递送系统,将其作为治疗缺血性AKI的有效策略。

原始出处:

Tao-Tao Tang,Bin Wang, Min Wu, et al.Extracellular vesicle–encapsulated IL-10 as novel nanotherapeutics against ischemic AKI.Science Advances . 12 Aug 2020:Vol. 6, no. 33, eaaz0748DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0748

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    2020-08-19 jichang
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    2020-08-17 ms5000001908858550

    0

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