PNAS:如何提高MMR疫苗接种率?宣教内容很重要

2015-08-05 MedSci 译 MedSci原创

发表在《美国科学院论文集》的研究表明,加强人们对麻疹致病性的了解和对麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹(MMR)疫苗的了解,可以使家长为孩子积极接种疫苗以使孩子免受疾病的困扰;然而,家长若对疫苗对安全性产生担忧及不信任,则很可能导致家长不会为孩子接种疫苗。据CDC统计,去年麻疹爆发期间,79%的麻疹感染者是由于对MMR疫苗的安全性产生质疑进而导致患者拒绝接种疫苗引起的。“由于民众普遍对麻疹疫苗的安全性产生质疑,导

发表在《美国科学院论文集》的研究表明,加强人们对麻疹致病性的了解和对麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹(MMR)疫苗的了解,可以使家长为孩子积极接种疫苗以使孩子免受疾病的困扰;然而,家长若对疫苗对安全性产生担忧及不信任,则很可能导致家长不会为孩子接种疫苗。


据CDC统计,去年麻疹爆发期间,79%的麻疹感染者是由于对MMR疫苗的安全性产生质疑进而导致患者拒绝接种疫苗引起的。

“由于民众普遍对麻疹疫苗的安全性产生质疑,导致麻疹疫苗接种率下降,因此我们需要积极进行健康宣教,避免这种情况继续恶化。”加利福尼亚大学的心理学教授Keith Holyoak教授如是说道。

研究人员指出,既往研究表明,对疫苗安全性持怀疑态度的人,很难通过健康宣教等措施改变他们的看法。但在这项研究中,研究人员探索出一种方法可以鼓励民众并使他们对疫苗接种持积极态度。

为了达到目的,Holyoak教授和他的同事们招募了315名美国民众,其中约1/3的参与者对接种疫苗持积极乐观的态度,而其余的参与者都持不同程度的怀疑态度。在持怀疑态度的人中,有10%的参与者对疫苗接种有明显的的负面情绪和消极态度。参与者被随机分配到三个组中,在每个组中持积极和消极态度的人数相等。

在一个研究组(简称1组)中,研究人员要求参与者阅读CDC的相关材料,材料的主题内容是所有的孩子都应该接受MMR疫苗且MMR疫苗是安全有效的,且材料中解释道,尽管许多家长担心接种疫苗后孩子会患自闭症,但许多研究都没有显示出这种关联。另一组(简称2组)的参与者阅读材料的主要内容是麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疾病对人体的危害,且接种MMR疫苗后可以有效避免这些危害的发生。此外,参与者还阅读了一篇声明,这是一位孩子10个月大时不幸感染麻疹而遭受死亡威胁的母亲的心声;最后一组(简称3组)作为对照组。他们阅读的相关材料是养鸟技巧。

研究人员发现,对接种疫苗持怀疑态度的人,只有在得知麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的危害并得知MMR疫苗能为孩子提供足够的保护后,才会表现出积极的态度,即2组中对疫苗持怀疑态度的人在阅读材料后会改变看法;而持怀疑态度的人阅读CDC材料后并未改变其自身看法,即1组对疫苗持怀疑态度的参与者并不改变看法。实验结果并不因参与者是否为父母而改变。

“不要采取强制措施,要让持怀疑态度的人正确认识疫苗的效果,这使得他们更容易接受MMR疫苗,”Holyoak教授解释说,“事实上他们改变态度的根本原因就是他们知道麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹等对人体的危害,因此他们相比之下忽略了MMR疫苗的副作用。”

因此,该研究给我们的启示是:医生在同家长就MMR疫苗沟通时要注意说话的方式和重点,要强调患病时患者的痛苦和疫苗接种的益处,这样才有可能提高MMR疫苗的接种率。但是,不可否认的是,对疫苗接种存在质疑的家长也是出于担心孩子安全的角度。从这一角度出发,家长和医生的出发点并不矛盾,一切都是为了孩子的安全着想,因此,儿科医生需要将这些内容都告知家长。

原始出处:

Keith Holyoak et al.Countering antivaccination attitudes .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.3 August 2015

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    2015-12-15 gous
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    2016-02-07 drwjr
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    2015-08-07 lovejing

    疫苗本身的效果是不是有待重新审视?

    0

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    2015-08-07 vividelife

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