年轻男性患高血压率超20%,预防需从减肥减盐做起

2017-05-08 陈明明 澎湃新闻

提起高血压,可能很多年轻人会认为这和自己没关系,误以为这是中老年人才会患的一种病症。殊不知,这个“无形杀手”正来势汹汹地靠近中青年人群。据2016年中国高血压年会调查数据显示,目前中国已有3亿左右的高血压患者,每年新增高血压病例达1000万,而且有明显的年轻化趋势,25岁至34岁的年轻男性中高血压患病率已经超过20%。高血压是心血管内科最常见的慢性病,也是心脑血管病最主要的危险因素。高血压可导致许

提起高血压,可能很多年轻人会认为这和自己没关系,误以为这是中老年人才会患的一种病症。殊不知,这个“无形杀手”正来势汹汹地靠近中青年人群。

据2016年中国高血压年会调查数据显示,目前中国已有3亿左右的高血压患者,每年新增高血压病例达1000万,而且有明显的年轻化趋势,25岁至34岁的年轻男性中高血压患病率已经超过20%。

高血压是心血管内科最常见的慢性病,也是心脑血管病最主要的危险因素。高血压可导致许多脏器并发症,如高血压肾病、动脉硬化性视网膜病变、左心室肥厚、脑卒中。然而,大多数高血压患者通常平时无症状,在体检或偶尔测量血压时才惊觉已经患有血压高。

根据最新修订的中国高血压防治指南指出,有超过50%的高血压病人不知道自己有病,超过40%的人不治疗,目前全国高血压的控制率低于10%。

上海同济大学附属第十人民医院心血管内科主治医师张毅告诉记者:“高血压被称为‘无形杀手’,理论上并无任何症状,所以定期测量血压很关键。由于人体的血压会受到情绪紧张等因素影响,所以要诊断高血压,需非同日测量血压三次以上。根据最新诊断标准,在排除各种干扰因素的情况下,若收缩压大于等于140mmHg或舒张压大于等于90mmHg(非同日三次测量),即确诊为高血压。”

张毅医生提醒道,以上数值仅适用于在医院测量,不适用于家庭自测,“因为在家里自测血压,人的状态要比在医院诊室里放松,所以家里自测的话,若收缩压大于等于135mmHg或舒张压大于等于85mmHg(一星期自测平均血压值),就要考虑是患了高血压。”

为何高血压近年来“瞄准”年轻人呢?张毅医生告诉记者,这和如今年轻人的生活方式饮食习惯息息相关:“像上海这样的大城市生活节奏快,年轻人普遍工作压力大竞争激烈,持续加班长期处于亢奋状态,熬夜过度,疲劳情绪紧张都对血压不利。血压水平和高血压的患病率与食盐的摄入量也密切相关。国内很多高血压患者都属于‘盐敏感性高血压’。高盐饮食盐会导致进入体内的钠离子增多,造成血容量增加、心脏负担加重、血管压力增大等一系列变化。”

而肥胖和吸烟饮酒也是不容忽视的因素,张毅医生告诉记者:“如今很多年轻人高油高脂饮食且缺乏运动,代谢出了问题会导致血脂血糖处于不稳定的状态,肥胖者的高血压患病风险相对更大。年轻人在应酬场合抽烟喝酒增多也会导致高血压。长期大量吸烟会促进大动脉粥样硬化,小动脉内膜逐渐增厚,使整个血管逐渐硬化,而对高血压易感人群,在饮酒后会心跳加快,心脏搏出血量增多,血容量增多,引起血压升高。对于父母或者长辈患有高血压的人群,更应养成良好生活习惯。尽管高血压与遗传因素有一定关系,但保持健康的生活方式,可以降低患病风险。”

高血压可导致许多脏器并发症,包括高血压肾病、动脉硬化性视网膜病变、左心室肥厚、脑卒中、心肌梗死等。张毅医生称提醒年轻人,检查出高血压后不要避讳就医服药,“轻微的高血压可以先通过改善饮食结构改良生活习惯来观察血压情况是否恢复正常,如果还未好转,应该及时就诊。由于高血压是慢性病,治疗需要通过长期服药,不少年轻人会顾虑药物的副作用。事实上,所有的药物都可能有不良反应,相对而言,目前常用的降压药物不良反应发生率均很低,绝大多数患者可以长期服用。即使出现不良反应,也不要自行停药或减药,应及时就医遵医嘱。”

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    2017-05-10 lou.minghong

    生活方式疾病

    0

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    2017-05-09 sillywu

    不要抽烟是最基本的

    0

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    2017-05-09 184****9840

    年轻人高血压率这么高需要引起警惕。

    0

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    2017-05-08 184****9840

    高血压的防治有多层次和多方面的机理。

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