EMB0 J:研究发现胰岛B细胞的“防护罩”,糖尿病治疗出现新选择!

2017-06-22 sunshine2015 来宝网

与国际研究团队合作,MedUni维也纳脑部研究中心分子神经科学系的Katarzyna Malenczyk今天在“EMBO杂志”发表的研究中表明,与关键蛋白质,促分泌素的丧失触发了b细胞的死亡相反,通过增加患有糖尿病的蛋白质的量可以保护这些细胞。



胰岛b的防护罩暗示了治疗糖尿病的新选择】人类胰腺中的胰岛b产生和释放胰岛素以调节血糖水平。在b细胞中特异性产生的胰岛素用于促使细胞摄取在血液中循环的葡萄糖。因此,胰岛素释放降低血液中的葡萄糖水平。在糖尿病中,这个周期由于b细胞的过早死亡而被破坏。与国际研究团队合作,MedUni维也纳脑部研究中心分子神经科学系的Katarzyna Malenczyk今天在“EMBO杂志”发表的研究中表明,与关键蛋白质,促分泌素的丧失触发了b细胞的死亡相反,通过增加患有糖尿病的蛋白质的量可以保护这些细胞。

“虽然研究人员已经尝试了数十年,以寻找有效的保护糖尿病中的b细胞的手段,但我们仍然没有发现治疗方法,因此了解可能导致药物开发的机制是非常有价值的。” Malenczyk,一项新研究的主要作者说道。 Tibor Harkany解释说:“我们能够在动物模型中以及来自糖尿病供体的b细胞中显示,在疾病条件下,促分泌素水平显着降低,表明该蛋白与疾病严重程度之间存在直接的相关性。”维也纳脑力研究中心分子神经科学系主任说, “如果我们发现分子工具来保持b细胞活跃,我们也可以确保他们的生存。”

迄今为止,蛋白质促分泌素的研究受到限制。然而,Malencyzk博士和由脑研究中心分子神经科学系领导的国际小组现在已经发现,这种蛋白质的存在对于b细胞保持健康至关重要,因此代表着发展的目标糖尿病的有效治疗方法 - 无论是临床开始预防还是治疗。

机制解释

这项研究的最重要的结果是显示出促分泌素调节b细胞是否以及如何释放所有不再需要或有用的蛋白质,以维持其生理完整性和功能。Harkany教授说:“如果宣传教育关闭,有毒的蛋白质作为废物可以迅速的积累在b细胞中,这不可避免地导致他们的死亡。”因此,如果b细胞中的促分泌素水平可以在糖尿病中升高以保持接近生理学水平,这将为其自我保护提供有吸引力的途径。

Secretagogin - 维也纳发现

蛋白质促分泌素首先由Ludwig Wagner(Department III),也是2000年维也纳当前论文的共同作者发现。17年后,本研究证明了该蛋白的确切作用。Wagner教授说:“我们对这种单一蛋白质的持续研究已经达到了分子水平对其功能的理解,可以实现新的治疗方案的发展阶段。”

促进促分泌素水平

但是,这种蛋白质的细胞水平如何能在糖尿病中得到增强? Malenczyk博士和她周围的国际研究团队表明,蛋白质可以保留在糖尿病中,其活性通过刺激TRPV离子通道而增加。 TRPV1是一种跨膜蛋白,除了神经系统外,胰腺β细胞也表达。如果这种受体被刺激,则在b细胞中产生更多的促分泌素。 TRPV1最容易被辣椒素刺激,辣椒素是发生在各种钟形和辣椒中的生物碱。辣椒素直接与TRPV1离子通道结合,刺激它们对b细胞生物学具有深远的影响。 Malenczyk博士指出:“第一步,我们的发现可能是糖尿病的有效治疗方法,但当然这需要对人类患者进行后续研究。我们谨慎的建议,糖尿病患者可以通过消耗更多的食物来改善饮食辣椒或辣椒TRPV1是潜在药物的有希望的靶标,因为在糖尿病中,发现其水平在b细胞中基本不变。

原始出处:

Katarzyna Malenczyk, Fatima Girach, Edit Szodorai, et al. A TRPV1-to-secretagogin regulatory axis controls pancreatic beta-cell survival by modulating protein turnover. EMBO Journal, 2017. DOI: 10.15252/emboj.201695347.

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    2018-05-21 baoya
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    2017-06-22 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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