世卫组织发布首份5岁以下儿童健康指导意见书

2019-05-25 中外医讯 健康号

世界卫生组织首次发布了5岁以下儿童的体能运动、睡眠时间和使用电子屏幕时间的指导意见。意见书按照年龄进行了分组:1岁以下、1岁到岁和3岁到4岁。

世界卫生组织首次发布了5岁以下儿童的体能运动、睡眠时间和使用电子屏幕时间的指导意见。意见书按照年龄进行了分组:1岁以下、1岁到岁和3岁到4岁。

意见书的制定者之一、世界卫组织预防非传染性疾病司的专家胡安娜·威伦森(Juana Willumsen)说:“我们之前没有发布过有关5岁以下儿童健康的建议。”此前,世卫组织为5岁以上人群提供了健康指导方针。2010年,该机构曾发布了全球健康体能活动建议,为三个年龄组的人群提出了建议:5至17岁的儿童,18至65岁的成人和65岁及以上的老年人。

这份针对5岁以下儿童的健康指南是基于已发表研究中关于儿童体育活动、睡眠和限制婴儿和幼儿接触电子屏幕时间的建议,采用科学证据为依据而系统指定的。

威伦森说:“该份意见书的制定是一个专家小组根据科学证据而提出建议的。”她说:“我们认为将最新的科学证据整合在一起并制定这些指导方针非常重要,以帮助政策制定者制定早期儿童保育政策或为父母和照顾者提供建议。我们注意到儿童肥胖率急剧上升,而且一些预防需要尽早开始。”

新指南指出,增加幼儿的身体活动和睡眠时间,同时限制久坐行为,对减少肥胖非常重要。据世界卫生组织称,超重和肥胖儿童可能会长期超重并肥胖持续到成年期,这使他们面临患糖尿病血管疾病等非传染性疾病的风险增高。

1岁以下儿童

对于1岁以下的婴儿,世界卫生组织建议他们每天以多种方式多次进行身体活动,包括在床上的翻身游戏和至少30分钟的俯卧时间。该指南还建议婴儿不要被束缚(例如在婴儿车里、高脚椅上或看护人的背上)一次性超过一个小时。

当婴儿花费太多时间坐着时,世卫组织建议看护人一起与婴儿进行阅读或讲故事,并且不建议这个年龄组的孩子不要接触电子屏幕。在这些指南中,接触屏幕时间是指在屏幕上被动地进行娱乐,例如电视、电脑或移动设备。

世界卫生组织还建议3个月或3个月以下的婴儿每天应该获得14至17小时的优质睡眠,包括小睡。4至11个月的婴儿每天应该睡12到16个小时。

1岁~2岁儿童

根据指南的建议,1至2岁的儿童每天应该获得充足的有质量的睡眠:11至14小时,包括小睡。该指南还建议这些儿童每天至少花180分钟参加各种体能锻炼活动。

威伦森说:“体力活动非常重要,对1岁以上儿童进行180分钟体育锻炼的建议实际上是日常的玩耍。我们不建议进行有组织的锻炼。”“这真的是为了确保孩子有机会积极参与体能活动,这是孩子们学习的方式。”

根据指南建议,这个年龄段的儿童也不应该被束缚一次性超过一个小时。1岁儿童不建议接触电子屏幕,指南建议2岁儿童接触电子屏幕的时间每天限制在一小时内。

3岁~4岁儿童

根据指南建议,3至4岁儿童接触屏幕的时间也应限制在每天一小时内。世卫组织还建议这些儿童每天高质量睡眠时间应该达到10至13小时,其中还包括午睡时间。

该指南建议该年龄组的儿童每天至少应花180分钟参加各种体育活动,其中至少60分钟中等强度的身体活动,如户外游戏,经常奔跑或跳跃。

现实中如何落实这些建议?

美国亚特兰大儿科医生兼美国儿科学会发言人珍妮弗·舒(Jennifer Shu)博士表示,新的指南“在睡眠时间、身体活动和限制接触屏幕时间方面给予父母一些直截了当的参数”。

舒说:“很多时候,我看到许多孩子要么被安排了太多活动非常疲惫,要么久坐不动。这些指导方针提醒我们如何长期保持孩子健康。”

她说:“在计划孩子的日常生活时,请牢记这些指导原则。优先考虑睡眠和身体活动,通过优先安排这些方面,接触屏幕的时间和久坐不动的行为自然应该保持在相当低的水平。”

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    2019-05-27 贪吃蛇大王

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1704171, encodeId=62c61e041714c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0ba828189eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童健康#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28189, encryptionId=0ba828189eb, topicName=儿童健康)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Fri Jan 10 12:39:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1748580, encodeId=051f1e48580a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f355640839' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指导意见#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56408, encryptionId=6f355640839, topicName=指导意见)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a38736169888, createdName=FukaiBao, createdTime=Sat Oct 26 14:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366858, encodeId=80f036685841, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/SrJSCPdKL0Ph25Lw3vlAkeSOJFyrKYpcmFTYHMla6icH6ibZ0zJHcbe2C5icyicow70stGsTm2efwfR6OibjYZD9N5A/132, createdBy=ff5a2004026, createdName=贪吃蛇大王, createdTime=Mon May 27 08:22:49 CST 2019, time=2019-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1300854, encodeId=d7c9130085427, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6f720e61ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#世卫组织#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20761, encryptionId=d6f720e61ab, topicName=世卫组织)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Mon May 27 00:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366803, encodeId=5dda3668030f, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eqYPFHuMA3bhYQrHvycmum7IJoCsLK0FP6X56Eoj9PZAECDke8zLCKxZZvk9q7B6rZmPuFgN5YCfw/132, createdBy=f52d2514454, createdName=SCI我的梦, createdTime=Sun May 26 08:38:20 CST 2019, time=2019-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366792, encodeId=51d7366e92de, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/SrJSCPdKL0Ph25Lw3vlAkeSOJFyrKYpcmFTYHMla6icH6ibZ0zJHcbe2C5icyicow70stGsTm2efwfR6OibjYZD9N5A/132, createdBy=ff5a2004026, createdName=贪吃蛇大王, createdTime=Sun May 26 06:40:32 CST 2019, time=2019-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-05-26 SCI我的梦

    好好学习

    0

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    2019-05-26 贪吃蛇大王

    0

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