妊娠期甲状腺功能异常评估异于普通人群

2013-07-19 伊文 医师报

妊娠期甲状腺疾病的诊断是最让临床医生纠结的临床问题,在2013年中国医师协会内分泌代谢科医师分会年会(2013.7.4-7.6,吉林长春)上,中国医科大学附属第一医院单忠艳教授结合《中国妊娠和产后甲状腺疾病诊治指南》阐述了妊娠合并甲状腺功能异常的管理,以期能为内分泌医生以及产科医生答疑解惑。 单教授指出,鉴于妊娠期的特殊甲状腺生理变化,不能采用普通人群的正常参考范围来进行评估。在评估甲状腺功能的

妊娠期甲状腺疾病的诊断是最让临床医生纠结的临床问题,在2013年中国医师协会内分泌代谢科医师分会年会(2013.7.4-7.6,吉林长春)上,中国医科大学附属第一医院单忠艳教授结合《中国妊娠和产后甲状腺疾病诊治指南》阐述了妊娠合并甲状腺功能异常的管理,以期能为内分泌医生以及产科医生答疑解惑。

单教授指出,鉴于妊娠期的特殊甲状腺生理变化,不能采用普通人群的正常参考范围来进行评估。在评估甲状腺功能的各项指标中,如何确定血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)的正常值最为重要。但除了妊娠本身对血清TSH影响外,不同碘营养状态、TSH测定法以及同一方法不同试剂来源均明显影响TSH正常参考值的确定。因此,指南推荐诊断妊娠期甲状腺功能异常,本单位或本地区需要建立妊娠三期( T1:1~12周,T2:13~27周,T3:28~40周)特异的血清甲状腺功能指标参考值。

关于妊娠期临床甲亢的治疗药物选择及治疗目标,指南推荐,甲巯咪唑和丙硫氧嘧啶对母体和胎儿均有风险,甲巯咪唑可能致胎儿畸形,建议计划妊娠前停用,改用丙硫氧嘧啶;妊娠T1期优先选用丙硫氧嘧啶,Tl期后改用甲巯咪唑。妊娠期甲亢的检测指标首选血清游离甲状腺素(FT4),建议每2~6周监测1次FT4和TSH,控制目标是使血清FT4接近或轻度高于参考值上限。

妊娠期亚临床甲减是否应该治疗,临床医生较为困惑,这主要源于妊娠期亚临床甲状腺疾病是否对妊娠女性以及胎儿发育带来不良后果尚未确定。指南根据亚临床甲减程度以及是否伴有甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)对妊娠期亚临床甲减进行分层管理。如血清TSH>10mlU/L,无论FT4是否降低,按临床甲减处理;对于TPOAb阳性者,推荐给予左旋甲状腺素治疗;对于TPOAb阴性者,指南不予反对也不予支持给予左旋甲状腺素治疗。同时单教授指出,TPOAb阴性者需定期检测甲状腺功能,以及时发现随着妊娠月份的增加,甲状腺功能恶化的可能。

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