坏死性松解性游走性红斑1 例

2019-06-28 张云芳 吴亭 符英金 中国皮肤性病学杂志

患者女, 69 岁。躯干四肢反复起红斑水疱伴瘙 痒半年,加重半月。患者半年前无明显诱因出现双 下肢红斑,红斑上出现水疱,伴痒,搔抓后水疱破溃, 出现渗液,在当地诊所治疗,诊断为湿疹,具体用药 不详,好转,不久病情再次发作,皮损逐渐向上泛发 到臀部及双上肢,瘙痒剧烈,夜间难以入睡。

1 临床资料

患者女, 69 岁。躯干四肢反复起红斑水疱伴瘙 痒半年,加重半月。患者半年前无明显诱因出现双 下肢红斑,红斑上出现水疱,伴痒,搔抓后水疱破溃, 出现渗液,在当地诊所治疗,诊断为湿疹,具体用药 不详,好转,不久病情再次发作,皮损逐渐向上泛发 到臀部及双上肢,瘙痒剧烈,夜间难以入睡。患者曾 两次入住本院皮肤科,诊断: ①泛发性湿疹; ②下肢 皮肤感染; ③大疱性类天疱疮? 两次均予小剂量甲 泼尼龙口服及外用卤米松乳膏等治疗,病情好转出 院,但出院不久病情复发。半年来患者出现舌部疼 痛,消瘦,进食减少,无多饮多尿多食,无腹痛腹泻, 无口腔溃疡等。体检: 消瘦貌,精神稍差,浅表淋巴 结未触及,臀部腹部及四肢可见大片红褐色斑片以 及境界不清的色素沉着斑,边缘呈环状或迂回状,红 斑上可见黏着性鳞屑,双足踝部红斑上可见少量大 小不一的水疱,疱液较清,尼氏征阴性,部分水疱破 溃渗液。舌鲜红,光剥无苔( 图1) 。实验室检查:血常规查血红蛋白 97 g/L( 110 ~ 160 g/L) , C 反应蛋 白81 mg/L( 0 ~10 mg/L) ,尿常规示尿糖( 4 +) ,血 糖9. 77 mmol/L( 3. 6 ~6. 1 mmol/L),总蛋白51. 7 g/L (62 ~85 g/L) ,白蛋白32. 0 g/L( 35 ~53 g/L) ,血沉 100 mm/h( 0 ~ 20 mm/h) ,钾 3. 34 mmol/L( 3. 5 ~ 5. 5 mmol/L) ,梅毒 TPPA 阳性, RPR 阴性,肝功能、 血脂、肾功能、心肌酶、风湿两项均阴性,糖化血红蛋 白正常,抗棘细胞间抗体,抗基底膜带抗体均阴性。 胸片及心电图未见异常,肝胆脾胰 B 超未见异常。 胰腺增强 CT 示( 图 2) : 胰腺颈部增大,可见一肿块 影,密度不均,边界尚清楚,大小约 31 mm ×18 mm; 强化强度低于周围正常胰腺实质,考虑偏良性或低 度恶性肿瘤,神经内分泌肿瘤? 建议 MR 平扫 + 增 强进一步检查。外院血胰高血糖素正常。取坏死性 红斑进行皮损组织病理检查: 表皮上 1/3 可见突然 坏死,胞质红染,细胞核固缩,棘细胞间轻度水肿,表 皮增厚,真皮浅层血管扩张,可见较多淋巴细胞及少 量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润( 图 3) 。直接免疫荧光阴性。 诊断:坏死性松解性游走性红斑。治疗:入院后予维生素 C 静滴,依巴斯丁抗组胺,脾多肽针调节免疫, 外用卤米松乳膏封包皮损,治疗 1 周,病情明显好 转。发现胰腺肿瘤后,建议患者手术治疗,患者家属因为患者年龄较大,身体较差拒绝手术,出院后皮疹 复发,告知家属在当地诊所予复方氨基酸静滴治疗 后好转,目前在随访中。



2 讨论

坏死性松解性游走性红斑( necrolytic migratory erythema, NME) 比较少见,但目前报道逐渐增多, NME 皮损好发于臀部,会阴及下肢等处,初起为不 规则的斑丘疹,红斑上易出现浅表的水疱脓疱,易破 溃出现糜烂面,结痂后呈淡褐色色素沉着,呈环状多 环状,此起彼伏[1]。患者常伴有舌炎,体重下降,低 蛋白,贫血,腹泻,血糖尿糖升高等症状。本病在临 床和病理上与烟酸缺乏症,肠病性肢端皮炎有相当 的重叠,提示可能有相同的发病机制[2]。 文献报道本病多与胰高血糖素瘤相关,又称胰 高血糖素瘤综合征,该肿瘤来源于胰腺A 细胞,生长 虽然缓慢,但90%伴肝脏转移[3]。胰腺 A 细胞分泌 大量胰高血糖素,过量的高血糖素能促进肝糖原分 解和肝糖原异生,使血糖升高,胰高血糖素促进氨基 酸分解代谢,造成低蛋白血症和氨基酸水平下降,引 起表皮蛋白消耗,使棘细胞上层细胞坏死。研究表 明胰高血糖素诱导产生的炎性介质,如花生四烯酸 及其代谢产物,能引起皮肤炎症性损伤[4]。低氨基 酸血症及锌缺乏能诱导表皮蛋白质缺陷和坏死松 解[5]。大多数患者明确诊断时已经是晚期,失去手 术机会。 也有部分不伴发胰高血糖素瘤的 NME。有研 究[6]认为肝脏疾病,胰腺炎,炎症性肠病,营养不良, 其他非胰腺的肿瘤也可以出现典型的 NME,把这种 不合并胰高血糖素瘤的 NME 称为“伪胰高血糖瘤综 合征”。朱俊等[7]报道 2 例不伴有胰高血糖素瘤的 NME,其中 1 例合并胆管癌, 1 例合并原发性肝癌, 胰尾部囊肿。这种患者输入全血,白蛋白,氨基酸或 者口服锌制剂能明显改善症状。本患者进行胰腺增强 CT 检查发现胰腺颈部肿瘤,但外院检查血胰高血 糖素水平正常,而患者血糖及尿糖只有一次入院检 查升高,其他几次检查均正常,糖化血红蛋白也正 常,故难以明确诊断胰高血糖素瘤,胰腺其他肿瘤如 胰腺癌也有可能,但是家属因为患者年龄较大,拒绝 手术切除,故无法行病理检查确诊。随访中患者多次 病情复发,建议患者家属在当地医院静滴复方氨基酸 或者人血白蛋白,治疗后皮损好转,目前仍在随访中。

参考文献略。

原始出处:

张云芳,吴亭,符英金,张明等,坏死性松解性游走性红斑1 例[J],中国皮肤性病学杂志,2019,33(4):456-457.

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    2019-06-30 millore
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    2019-06-29 百草

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