Dev Cell:美国研究,癌症患者有救了!一种脂肪酸可杀死人类癌细胞!

2020-07-15 Lauren 转化医学网

导言:在医学上,癌(cancer)是指起源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤,是恶性肿瘤中最常见的一类。一般人们所说的“癌症”习惯上泛指所有恶性肿瘤。癌症具有细胞分化和增殖异常、生长失去控制

导言:在医学上,癌(cancer)是指起源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤,是恶性肿瘤中最常见的一类。一般人们所说的“癌症”习惯上泛指所有恶性肿瘤。癌症具有细胞分化和增殖异常、生长失去控制、浸润性和转移性等生物学特征。癌症的治疗一直是世界性难题。

近期,美国华盛顿州立大学(Washington State University)的研究人员已经证实,一种称为二高γ-亚麻酸(DGLA)的脂肪酸能够杀死人类癌细胞。

这项研究发表在《发育细胞》(Developmental Cell)杂志上,研究人员发现,DGLA可以在动物模型和实际的人类癌细胞中诱导铁死亡。铁死亡是近年来发现的一种铁依赖性细胞死亡,由于其与许多疾病过程密切相关,现在已经成为了疾病研究的热点。

华盛顿州立大学的副教授、该研究的通讯作者詹妮弗·沃茨(Jennifer Watts)表示,“这一发现有很多意义,包括向癌症的潜在治疗方法迈进了一步。如果你能够把DGLA精准的传递给癌细胞,它就能够促进铁死亡,且导致癌细胞的死亡。仅仅通过了解这种脂肪促进铁死亡作用,也可能影响我们对肾脏疾病和神经退行性疾病的看法,在这些情况下,我们想要防止这种类型的细胞死亡。”


图解摘要

DGLA是一种多不饱和脂肪酸,在人体中含量很少,在人类饮食中也很少。与其他脂肪酸相(鱼油中的脂肪酸)相比,DGLA的研究相对不足。

沃茨用线虫作为动物模型,研究了包括DGLA在内的膳食饮食近20年,秀丽隐杆线虫是一种微小的蠕虫,由于它是透明的,科学家可以很容易地研究整个动物相对较短的生命周期中的细胞水平活动,因此经常被用于分子研究。在秀丽隐杆线虫细胞中发现的结果通常也可以转移到人类细胞中。

沃茨的研究小组发现,给线虫喂食富含DGLA的细菌会杀死线虫体内所有的生殖细胞和制造生殖细胞的干细胞,细胞死亡的方式有许多铁死亡的迹象。

华盛顿州立大学的博士生、该研究的第一作者马科斯·佩雷斯(Marcos Perez)表示,“我们在线虫中看到的许多机理都与哺乳动物系统中铁死亡的特征相一致,包括氧化还原活性铁和无法修复的氧化脂质,类似于分子刽子手。”

为了查明这些结论是否会适用于人类细胞,沃茨和佩雷斯与斯坦福大学的斯科特·迪克森(Scott Dixon)合作,迪克森多年来一直在研究铁死亡及其治疗癌症的潜力。

根据对线虫的研究结果,研究人员发现,DGLA会诱导人类癌细胞中的铁死亡。他们还发现一种与另一种被称为醚类脂质的脂肪酸相互作用,它们对DGLA有保护作用。当研究人员取出醚类脂质时,在DGLA的存在下,细胞死亡的速度更快。

除了这些发现,研究人员也证实了,秀丽隐杆线虫可以作为研究铁死亡的一个有用的动物模型。用于研究主要依赖细菌培养的铁死亡领域。

为了让该研究继续进行,沃茨的团队最近获得了美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)140万美元的资助,用于研究是什么导致线虫生殖细胞对DGLA如此敏感,以及研究线粒体(参与脂肪燃烧和调节新陈代谢的细胞器)在铁死亡中的作用。

原始出处:

Marcos A.Perez, Leslie Magtanong, Scott J.Dixon, et.al. Dietary Lipids Induce Ferroptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Human Cancer Cells. Development Cell 10 July 2020

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    2021-01-19 fzwish20000
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    2021-02-28 维他命
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    2020-07-17 yxch36
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导言:癌细胞是细菌的天堂。该结论来自一项对1000多种不同人类癌症肿瘤样品的严密的研究。这项由以色列魏兹曼科学研究所的研究人员领导的研究发现,细菌存在于所有癌症类型的细胞内,从脑癌到骨骼癌再到乳腺癌,

Nat Commun:新突破,免疫系统吞噬癌细胞的胃口增大

导言:胶质母细胞瘤是星形细胞肿瘤中恶性程度最高的胶质瘤,生长速度极快,70%~80%患者病程在3~6个月,病程超过1年者仅10%,在积极治疗后,也极可能在半年到一年之间马上复发并快速进展。因此,遏制胶