Science子刊:“酗酒者”的救星!裸盖菇素可降低酒精依赖症的复发

2021-12-26 细胞 细胞

酒精依赖症(alcohol dependence)是最常见的神经精神疾病之一。在德国,有500多万人受到影响。其后果往往是严重的身体和精神痛苦以及高死亡率。受影响者的平均预期寿命减少了22年以上。

酒精依赖症(alcohol dependence)是最常见的神经精神疾病之一。在德国,有500多万人受到影响。其后果往往是严重的身体和精神痛苦以及高死亡率。受影响者的平均预期寿命减少了22年以上。尽管这种疾病很严重,其慢性病程的特点是经常复发为过度饮酒,给患者带来巨大的痛苦压力,但科学家们对大脑中的因果机制仍然知之甚少。

在一项新的研究中,来自德国海德堡大学和法国皮卡第儒勒-凡尔纳大学的研究人员发现作为来自蘑菰的一种迷幻药,裸盖菇素(psilocybin)有潜力恢复大脑中受影响的分子回路,从而有助于减少酒精依赖症的复发。这可能导致新的治疗方法。相关研究结果近期发表在Science Advances期刊上,论文标题为“Psilocybin targets a common molecular mechanism for cognitive impairment and increased craving in alcoholism”。

皮质mGluR2缺失是成瘾者行为改变的一种病理分子机制

控制行为、注意力和情绪的心理过程被称为执行功能(executive function)。在诸如注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)、自闭症、精神分裂症、边缘综合征之类的许多精神疾病和成瘾中,控制自己的思想和行动以及调节情绪的能力受到干扰。

 

图片
酒精诱导的边缘下区mGluR2缺乏会导致注意转移测验中的表现受损。图片来自Science Advances, 2021, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abh2399。

在这项新的研究中,这些作者研究了执行功能改变和酒精依赖症复发增加的分子机制。他们的研究重点在于代谢型谷氨酸受体2(metabotropic glutamate receptor 2, mGluR2)的作用。在大脑中,这种受体作为神经递质谷氨酸的天线发挥作用,并调节它在各个大脑区域中的释放。在这篇论文中,他们发现在酒精依赖症啮齿动物模型中,它们的大脑区域前额叶皮层内的mGluR2功能下降与执行控制能力受损以及对酒精的渴望之间有因果关系。因此,mGluR2激活被认为是有潜力治疗酒精依赖症。

裸盖菇素可恢复mGluR2的产生

诸如裸盖菇素和麦角酰二乙胺(LSD)之类的迷幻药作用于大脑中的5-羟色胺2A受体(5-HT2AR)。这些受体大量存在于前额皮层中。以前的研究已表明,5-HT2AR和mGluR2可以形成一种功能性的复合物。这种复合物与裸盖菇素的作用机制有关,但这种复合物在成瘾方面的分子功能以前是未知的。

论文第一作者兼论文共同通讯作者、海德堡大学的Marcus Meinhardt博士说,“我们能够发现,裸盖菇素能够恢复mGluR2的水平,从而导致对酒精依赖症的复发下降。因此,这项研究为开发利用裸盖菇素促进mGluR2活性的新型治疗方法提供了可能性。”

参考资料:
Marcus W. Meinhardt et al. Psilocybin targets a common molecular mechanism for cognitive impairment and increased craving in alcoholism. Science Advances, 2021, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abh2399.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2098399, encodeId=b3de2098399d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=02ab1480308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psilocybin#</a>(<a href='/topic/show?id=057690433f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#裸盖菇素#</a>)在人体内被代谢为<a href='/topic/show?id=fcf310498686' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#psilocin#</a>(<a href='/topic/show?id=3edf10498ec7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脱磷酸裸盖菇素#</a>),后者与5-HT2AR结合发挥作用。<a href='/topic/show?id=236a958195c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重度抑郁症#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=0a0b5496306' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁#</a>应有效!!这里发现与<a href='/topic/show?id=4b43104989ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精依赖症#</a>也有作用!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14803, encryptionId=02ab1480308, topicName=Psilocybin), TopicDto(id=90433, encryptionId=057690433f4, topicName=裸盖菇素), TopicDto(id=104986, encryptionId=fcf310498686, topicName=psilocin), TopicDto(id=104987, encryptionId=3edf10498ec7, topicName=脱磷酸裸盖菇素), TopicDto(id=95819, encryptionId=236a958195c, topicName=重度抑郁症), TopicDto(id=54963, encryptionId=0a0b5496306, topicName=抑郁), TopicDto(id=104989, encryptionId=4b43104989ba, topicName=酒精依赖症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Fri Nov 04 03:14:27 CST 2022, time=2022-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1085319, encodeId=c57f108531989, content=学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=210b4868969, createdName=278103059, createdTime=Wed Dec 29 08:32:20 CST 2021, time=2021-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376391, encodeId=16ec13e63912a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 01:59:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492444, encodeId=c8e214924444d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=057690433f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#裸盖菇素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90433, encryptionId=057690433f4, topicName=裸盖菇素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=06388933719, createdName=freve, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 01:59:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1575790, encodeId=0e4315e57909f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e1f954e563' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精依赖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95475, encryptionId=5e1f954e563, topicName=酒精依赖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f5c116191457, createdName=xue8607, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 01:59:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-04 lifestar

    #Psilocybin##裸盖菇素#)在人体内被代谢为#psilocin##脱磷酸裸盖菇素#),后者与5-HT2AR结合发挥作用。#重度抑郁症##抑郁#应有效!!这里发现与#酒精依赖症#也有作用!

    0

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    2021-12-29 278103059

    学习了!

    0

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    2021-12-28 jichang
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