科学家发现基于纳米生物学技术的新型癌症免疫疗法

2020-12-02 科技部 科技部

一篇刊登在国际杂志Cell上的研究报告“Trained Immunity-Promoting Nanobiologic Therapy Suppresses Tumor Growth an

一篇刊登在国际杂志Cell上的研究报告“Trained Immunity-Promoting Nanobiologic Therapy Suppresses Tumor Growth and Potentiates Checkpoint Inhibition”,来自西奈山医院等机构的科学家们通过研究在新型癌症免疫疗法开发上取得了重大进展,文章中,研究人员通过对天然分子进行生物工程化修饰所产生纳米生物微型材料与治疗性组分进行配对,随后训练机体的先天性免疫系统来消灭肿瘤细胞。

研究者表示,这种纳米生物学免疫疗法能靶向作用骨髓(部分免疫系统形成的场所),同时还能激活机体训练有素的免疫力,这一过程就能重编程骨髓祖细胞使其产生训练后的先天性免疫细胞,从而抑制癌症的进展,癌细胞通常会在机体免疫抑制性细胞的帮助下来保护自身免于宿主免疫系统的杀灭。研究者认为,受过训练的免疫力能被安全且成功地用作癌症疗法,同时他们在包括黑色素瘤小鼠模型等动物模型中进行了检测,目前正在积极向临床试验方向推进。

免疫疗法是标准癌症治疗手段的一部分,其能够为宿主免疫系统暴露癌症所在,但这种疗法存在一定的局限性,比如免疫检查点抑制剂疗法,其就仅对一部分患者有效,而且会产生严重的治疗副作用。这项研究中,研究者开发了一种新型的抗癌疗法,他们表示,纳米生物学免疫疗法所训练的机体免疫力或能作为一种独立的抗癌疗法,且并不会产生多种副作用,同时其还能与检查点抑制剂药物联合使用。

研究者Willem J. Mulder教授说道,在该研究中不仅观察到了纳米生物学免疫疗法所产生的强大抗癌效应,该研究工作还推动了基于高生物相容性纳米材料的新型免疫疗法的开发和临床前评估工作,本研究对于有效训练机体免疫力并开发能快速用于癌症患者治疗的新型疗法至关重要。最后研究者表示,本研究改变了免疫疗法研究领域的规则,后期研究人员还将继续深入研究来开发更多有效治疗癌症的新型疗法。

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