非典型股骨骨折(Atypical Femur Fractures)的诊断标准与影像表现

2022-06-14 青年君zhang 骨科青年

非典型股骨骨折(Atypical Femur Fractures)的诊断标准与影像表现。

非典型股骨骨折(Atypical Femur Fractures)是由长期服用双磷酸盐药物导致的股骨干部骨折,其具有与创伤性股骨干骨折完全不同的特点。

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01  诊断标准

2013年,ASBMR工作小组对非典型股骨骨折作出了如下诊断标准:

1.骨折部位

骨折位于股骨干部,股骨小转子以下,股骨髁以上。
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2.主要诊断标准
① 非创伤性,或微小创伤导致骨折;
② 起自外侧皮质的横行骨折,骨折延伸至内侧皮质时可为斜形;
③ 骨折必须累及外侧皮质,复杂骨折累及内侧皮质,伴有皮质内侧尖锐突起;
④ 非粉碎或轻微粉碎骨折;

⑤ 骨内膜或者骨膜增厚。

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3.次要诊断标准

① 骨干皮质广泛增厚;

② 双侧股骨干骨折;

③ 有前驱症状,如腹股沟疼痛;

④ 延迟愈合。

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4.排除标准

① 起自股骨颈或粗隆间的骨折,向干部延伸;

② 假体周围骨折;

③ 与肿瘤或其他原因相关的骨折(与Pagets病,骨纤维结构不良等)。

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诊断非典型股骨骨折,需满足5条主要诊断标准中的4条,对次要诊断标准,尽管其与非典型骨折密切相关,但非诊断必要条件。

2014年美国骨与矿物质研究协会也提出过基本一致的诊断标准:

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02典型影像表现

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a,骨内膜及骨膜增厚;b,骨外侧皮质横行骨折;c,完全骨折,累及骨内外侧皮质

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骨外侧皮质横行骨折,累及内侧后斜行骨折。固定后可见外侧横行骨折线。


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非典型骨折固定后。


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对非典型股骨骨折患者,需注意对侧非典型骨折的可能性。图ab为同一患者双侧非典型股骨骨折。

 

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