Nat Commun:抑制肿瘤细胞移动能防止癌症扩散

2018-11-30 佚名 中国生物技术网

对肿瘤细胞如何移动的新见解,将极大地有助于开发预防癌症扩散的新疗法。

对肿瘤细胞如何移动的新见解,将极大地有助于开发预防癌症扩散的新疗法。

美国明尼苏达大学的科学家们成功利用实验模型阻止了癌细胞扩散,即使这些癌细胞已经改变了它们的运动模式。

如果原发性肿瘤还未扩散,那么消灭癌症的概率就会大大提高。大约90%的癌症死亡病例都是由于癌细胞转移造成的,或者说是肿瘤侵袭附近的组织并且扩散到身体的其他部位。

一种能够阻止癌细胞移动的治疗方法将显着改善存活率,使医生拥有更多的时间处理原发性肿瘤。这项近日发表在《Nature Communications》上的研究或标志着这一成就向前迈出了一大步。

癌细胞的狡猾

研究人员在实验室中建立了肿瘤环境,并观察乳腺癌细胞如何在环境中移动。他们利用药物扰乱被肿瘤细胞用作“马达”的机制,该机制为肿瘤细胞提供移动的动力。

令科学家们意外的是,这些细胞转换到一种完全不同的移动方式,使得它们像“渗出”的水滴一样。

研究通讯作者、明尼苏达大学生物医学工程系的助理教授Paolo P. Provenzano说:“癌细胞非常狡猾,我们并没有料到这些细胞会改变自己的移动方式。”

然而,同时以癌细胞移动的两种方式为靶标,研究人员们就能够阻止细胞的移动了。

Provenzano博士说:“就像是我们破坏了癌细胞的GPS,它们无法找到高速路入口,这些细胞就待在那里不能移动。”

癌症转移和细胞移动

癌症转移是一个复杂的过程,它分为几个阶段,每个阶段中,在癌症向下一阶段进展前都需要满足几个特定的条件。比如,在侵袭邻近组织期间,肿瘤细胞及其微环境或细胞外基质都经历显着的变化。由于被称为“接触指导”线索的复杂反馈,大多数细胞都具有穿过围绕它们细胞外基质的一些能力。

科学家们已经在各种环境中观察到了这种“指导”,例如伤口愈合以及器官的产生和再生。

Provenzano博士及其团队表示,“接触指导”还能帮助癌细胞感知并跟随肿瘤中的通路。他们把这种导向模式比作将入侵的癌细胞引导到“高速路”上。患有许多这些模式的肿瘤患者的存活率往往较低。

这项新研究的作者们指出,医学界仍然没有完全理解癌细胞是如何感知接触指导线索的。

工程化肿瘤微环境

为了研究肿瘤细胞如何识别并跟随这些通路,研究团队为此设计了2D微环境,模仿肿瘤中的指导线索模式。这种人工设计的环境显着地提升了研究速度。

该研究的第一作者Erdem D. Tabdanov博士解释说:“通过使用这些受控的网络微环境,我们能够在几个小时内测试数百个细胞移动事件,而如果使用肿瘤成像的方法,在同一时长内只能测试一到两次。”

接下来,研究团队想在其他种类的癌症上测试他们的方法,然后开始动物试验。如果结果良好,人体试验应该可以在几年内进行。研究人员还需要研究该方法的其他方面,例如对健康细胞的影响。

Provenzano博士说:“最终,我们希望找到方法抑制癌细胞移动,同时增强免疫细胞的移动以对抗癌症。”

原始出处:
Tabdanov ED1,2, Puram VV1,2, Win Z1,2, et al.Bimodal sensing of guidance cues in mechanically distinct microenvironments.Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 20;9(1):4891. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07290-y.

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    2019-09-10 liye789132251
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    2018-12-02 kafei

    学习学习谢谢

    0

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