ASCO 2020:肺鳞癌免疫治疗新突破,百济神州展现中国“研”值

2020-05-31 生物探索 生物探索

2020年5月29日,全球肿瘤界的年度盛会——美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会正式揭开序幕。

2020年5月29日,全球肿瘤界的年度盛会——美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会正式揭开序幕,中国本土生物制药企业百济神州在今年ASCO年会上以一项口头报告及三项海报的方式公布了其抗PD-1抗体药物百泽安?(通用名:替雷利珠单抗注射液)及BTK抑制剂BRUKINSATM(泽布替尼)的临床数据。其中,替雷利珠单抗联合化疗用于治疗一线晚期鳞状非小细胞肺癌(简称“肺鳞癌“)患者的3期临床试验(RATIONALE 307研究)数据更是首次对外公布,这是中国首个、全球第二个成功的肺鳞癌一线免疫治疗3期临床研究,也是目前该领域首个在全球获得成功的中国3期研究,其数据表现亮眼,在国际舞台上充分展示了来自中国的临床研究成果。

群雄逐鹿,聚焦中国人群的免疫抗癌药崛起

近年来,中国肺癌的发病率呈持续增长的趋势 。2018 年,国内约有77万新增肺癌病例,约69万死亡病例 。作为国内癌症相关死亡的主要原因,肺癌一直是全球及本土制药企业努力攻克的重点。据了解,2019年国内开展肿瘤临床试验涉及的335个药物品种中,与肺癌相关的药物最多,约占23.3%,位居榜首 。

尽管有大量的临床研究在推进,但在肺鳞癌领域,过往患者的治疗手段十分有限。肺鳞癌占非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)病例的将近30%,但由于驱动基因突变比例显着较低,晚期肺鳞癌患者长期以来没有合适的靶向药物,主要依靠化疗。RATIONALE 307研究的Leading PI、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院主任医师王洁教授表示:“近十余年间,肺鳞癌患者的治疗一直滞后于肺腺癌患者的治疗研究,无合适的靶向治疗药物可选。免疫治疗的出现,改变了这样的状态。国际上有KEYNOTE-407研究(PD-1抑制剂帕博利珠单抗联合化疗)得到了阳性数据,但这个研究的中国扩展研究中,中国人群只有125例,样本量相对较小,所以迫切地需要一个大型的、针对中国人群的肺鳞癌患者的临床研究,在这样的背景之下,由本土企业百济神州自主研发的抗PD-1抗体药物百泽安?(替雷利珠单抗注射液)的RATIONALE 307研究应运而生。”

RATIONALE 307研究是一项针对一线晚期肺鳞癌患者的随机、多中心、开放的3期临床研究,该研究包含三个治疗组:两个联合治疗组(包括替雷利珠单抗联合紫杉醇+卡铂治疗组与替雷利珠单抗联合白蛋白紫杉醇+卡铂治疗组)对比单纯化疗组(紫杉醇+卡铂治疗组)。根据此次ASCO会议公布的数据来看,该研究的主要终点PFS(无进展生存时间)取得了阳性结果,患者的PFS得到了显着提升,患者的疾病进展风险降低了52%。除此之外,联合治疗组的客观缓解率超过70%,比化疗组提高了近25%,并且联合治疗组的缓解持续时间超过8个月。王洁教授表示:“这些数据表明,在肺鳞癌患者的治疗中,替雷利珠单抗联合化疗的治疗方案相较单纯化疗方案有显着改善,这个结果对于临床具有指导意义。”据悉,替雷利珠单抗联合化疗用于治疗一线晚期肺鳞癌患者的新适应症上市申请已被国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)受理。

全面布局,为国内肺癌患者带来治疗新曙光

据百济神州此前公布的资料显示,替雷利珠单抗目前在非小细胞肺癌领域的研究全面覆盖鳞癌和非鳞癌,除此次307研究公布的鳞癌结果外,替雷利珠单抗联合化疗一线治疗晚期非鳞癌患者的RATIONALE 304研究也已于今年4月公布达到了主要终点,这意味着替雷利珠单抗成为国内首个全面取得一线晚期鳞癌与非鳞癌3期注册临床研究成功的中国自主研发的抗PD-1抗体药物。

除307、304研究外,替雷利珠单抗单药治疗晚期二/三线NSCLC患者的全球多中心3期注册临床研究(RATIONALE 303研究)已完成全球患者入组,替雷利珠单抗联合含铂双药化疗治疗一线广泛期小细胞肺癌(SCLC)患者的临床研究(RATIONALE 312研究)也正在进行中。

RATIONALE 307研究的主要研究者、上海胸科医院肿瘤科主任陆舜教授在此前接受采访时表示:“RATIONALE 307研究是中国首个成功的,针对我国人群一线治疗晚期鳞癌的大型3期注册临床研究,也是目前唯一公布研究数据的、样本量最大的研究,共纳入了360例中国患者,其中239例患者接受了替雷利珠单抗联合化疗方案的治疗。这为中国肺鳞癌患者免疫治疗的临床实践提供了重要的指导意义。”陆舜教授同时还担任了百济神州RATIONALE 304研究的Leading PI。在他看来,百济神州的替雷利珠单抗能在鳞癌和非鳞癌两大一线临床研究中均获得了阳性结果,是非常令人自豪的成绩,同时也体现了百济神州先进的研发技术与理念。

替雷利珠单抗是百济神州全球首款免疫肿瘤治疗药物,于2019年12月在国内获批上市,先后被批准用于复发/难治性经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤和局部晚期或转移性尿路上皮癌的治疗。与其他抗PD-1抗体药物不同的是,替雷利珠单抗经基因工程改造优化了抗体的Fc段,最大限度地减少了与巨噬细胞上 FcγR的结合,从而消除了抗体依赖的细胞介导的吞噬作用(ADCP),使得T细胞消耗减少,抗肿瘤活性增强 。替雷利珠单抗特有的抗原结合表位,在PD-1上的结合面与肿瘤的PD-L1大范围重叠,能够更大限度地阻断PD-1与肿瘤PD-L1的结合 ,且亲和力较高 。

据了解,目前替雷利珠单抗正在全球23个国家和地区开展15项注册性或潜在注册性临床试验,其中11项为3期临床试验,覆盖肺癌、肝癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、胃癌等高发癌种,总计入组患者5000多名。凭借差异化的产品设计和优异的临床表现,百济神州正通过一系列单药及联合疗法的临床试验,加速拓展替雷利珠单抗在实体瘤与血液肿瘤上的适应症布局。

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    2020-10-24 zxxiang
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    2020-06-16 quxin068
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