全球被忽视疾病创新基金:埃博拉疫苗研究一枝独秀

2017-03-05 佚名 中国科学报

根据澳大利亚悉尼一家健康政策分析公司“政策治疗研究”的年度G-FINDER(全球被忽视疾病创新基金 )投资报告,用于被忽视疾病(包括结核病、艾滋病病毒/艾滋病和疟疾等)研究的全球资金正处于2007年以来的最低水平。


2015年,埃博拉疫苗的研发吸引了全球超过60%的资金。图片来源:John Moore

根据澳大利亚悉尼一家健康政策分析公司“政策治疗研究”的年度G-FINDER(全球被忽视疾病创新基金 )投资报告,用于被忽视疾病(包括结核病、艾滋病病毒/艾滋病和疟疾等)研究的全球资金正处于2007年以来的最低水平。

但总的金额并不包括为了应对在西非暴发的埃博拉疫情而迅速增加的研究经费。用于被忽视疾病研究的2015年总金额刚刚超过30亿美元,这也是该数字准确可用的最新年份。

2015年,投资于埃博拉病毒和其他非洲病毒性出血热研究的经费飙升到6.31亿美元,超过了花在除艾滋病病毒/艾滋病以外其他任何被忽视疾病的研究经费。

投入埃博拉病毒研究的资金中有近三分之二用于开发预防性疫苗,并且超过三分之一的资金来自于企业界。这是一个非常高的比例,“政策治疗研究”公司执行董事Nick Chapman指出。

该公司决定将对埃博拉病毒研究的投资与被忽视疾病的资金总量分开核算,因为前者对基础数据产生了扭曲作用。Chapman表示:“与此同时,我们看到了用于埃博拉病毒研究的资金大爆发,各国政府都在削减对于被忽视疾病的投入。”

G-FINDER分析追踪了公共、私人和慈善机构对于疾病的投资,这些疾病对发展中国家的居民有着不成比例的影响,而且没有足够的商业市场能够吸引私人的研究和开发(R&D)。

这份报告同时发现,除埃博拉病毒以外的其他疾病的研究资金的稳步下降,几乎完全是由来自高收入国家,如美国的公共基金下降所导致的。

来自这些国家的资金占到2015年用于R&D的19亿公共资金中的97%。美国的大部分资金是通过该国国立卫生研究院的拨款提供的,这也就意味着被忽视疾病的研发很容易受到该机构经费变化的影响。

与此同时,用于被忽视疾病研究的慈善基金也在小幅下跌。这些资金主要来自于两个捐助者——位于英国伦敦的维康信托基金会和位于华盛顿州西雅图的比尔与梅林达·盖茨基金会。2015年的慈善公共资金为6.45亿美元,而这两家慈善机构提供的资金就达到6.1亿美元。从2014年到2015年,维康信托基金会将其投资削减了2700万美元,约合22%;自2012年开始,其用于被忽视疾病的资金已下降了33%。

被忽视疾病包括寄生虫、病毒,以及其他一些缺乏了解与研究的疫病。绝大多数被忽视疾病发生在热带地区,主要影响撒哈拉以南非洲地区的贫困人口。但是这些疾病在将来会成为世界性问题——气候变化会扩大热带的范围,因此也会扩大这些疾病的传播范围。

目前,全球超过14亿人受到被忽视热带疾病的影响,其中很多患者每天的收入低于1.25美元。被忽视疾病包括一些在发展中国家最常见的感染,而且是低收入和中等收入国家人民慢性致残的主要原因。这些疾病不仅限于贫困的热带地区,其中一些疾病也是,或曾经是美国、欧洲南部和土耳其的流行病。

被忽视疾病很难吸引公众、企业、学术界和媒体的注意,但是它们会造成严重的健康问题和沉重的经济负担。除了每年造成数百万人死亡以外,它们还会导致失明、严重的消化问题、发育不良、贫血、认知障碍和妊娠并发症。另外,许多患者还同时患有两种或多种被忽视疾病,这使得问题更加严重。

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    2017-04-27 jyzxjiangqin

    埃博拉疫苗研究一枝独秀。

    0

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    2017-03-18 jyzxjiangqin

    埃博拉疫苗的研究。

    0

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    2017-03-12 jyzxjiangqin

    关注埃博拉疫苗。

    0

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    2017-03-05 stupidox

    有必要吗?

    0

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