Nat Human Behav:瑜伽可以改善晚年的健康状况,冥想提高记忆力与专注力

2019-06-10 纪大乙 生物探索

瑜伽起源于古印度,已有五千多年的历史。瑜伽姿势包括调整身的体位法、调息的呼吸法、调心的冥想法等。

瑜伽起源于古印度,已有五千多年的历史。瑜伽姿势包括调整身的体位法、调息的呼吸法、调心的冥想法等。

促进老年人健康

近日,爱丁堡大学的科学家一项调查研究显示,瑜伽或可改善60岁以上老年人的身体机能和心理健康,使其处于更好的心理和身体状态。

研究人员回顾了22项研究,这些研究调查了瑜伽对老年人身心健康的影响。瑜伽课程的长度从一个月到七个月不等,课程持续时间从30分钟到90分钟不等。研究人员随后进行统计学分析,对比瑜伽与无活动的影响,并与其它活动(如步行和椅子健美操)进行比较。

研究人员发现,与无活动的人相比,练习瑜伽的人可以增强腿部身力量、改善人体平衡性和灵活性、调节抑郁心理和睡眠质量、促进活力以及感知力等。他们表示,这些评估数据将改善大众对瑜伽益处的理解,也能为在老年人体育活动指南中推广瑜伽提供事实证据。

“很大一部分老年人不活跃,不符合政府和国际卫生组织制定的平衡和肌肉强化的建议,”健康研究中心体育活动的Divya Sivaramakrishnan说:“基于这项研究,我们可以得出结论,瑜伽对改善老年人生理和心理健康具有的巨大潜力和重要性。瑜伽是一种温和的活动,可以根据与年龄、疾病进行调整。"

个性化的数字冥想

当然瑜伽不仅仅是针对老年人有好处,组织也不忘记年轻人的。针对年轻人的个性化数字冥想也显示好处多多。加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们开发了一款个性化的数字冥想训练计划,该计划在短短六周内显著提高了健康年轻人的注意力和记忆力。

该项研究共有59名参与者,年龄在18至35岁,是一项随机,双盲,对照试验。试验中使用的MediTrain程序采用闭环算法,可以根据参与者的能力调整冥想课程的长度,从而促进参与者对课程的适应性。



一开始,MediTrain程序,每天20-30分钟的累积练习,比较片段化。最初,参与者会被提示一次,要求专注呼吸10到15秒。随着练习的改善,参与者会被提出挑战,要求增加可以保持呼吸专注的时间。六周后,他们平均提高时间可达到几分钟。

让人意想不到是,MediTrain的训练能在不同程度上影响健康年轻人的注意力和记忆力。这种训练的结果甚至与接受过面对面培训或强化冥想静修的中年人的结果相似。

“就我们所知,这与任何冥想练习都不同,”资深作者、神经生理学和精神病学教授、加州大学旧金山分校神经视野执行主任Adam Gazzaley说,“我们对重点冥想进行了古老的体验式处理,重新制定并通过数字技术实现了它,并改善了千禧一代的注意力,千禧一代是一个非常熟悉数字世界的年龄组,但也面临持续关注的多重挑战。”

当然,MediTrain对传统做出了一些让步。在试验开始之前,参与者听取了Jack Kornfield博士的记录冥想指导。Jack Kornfield博士是一位冥想老师,是旧金山北部的Spirit Rock冥想中心的合伙人,并且是该研究的作者。参与者用学到的那些技巧,可以进行自行冥想。

但是,MediTrain还有其他数字功能,这些功能在传统的呼吸冥想练习中并不存在,这可能是它在如此短的时间内以及如此健康的人群中取得如此“强劲”成果的原因。

专注度提高

在每个简短的冥想片段结束时,MediTrain参与者要表明他们在规定的时间内是否能够持续专注。根据答案的是与否,分别按下iPad屏幕左右不同按钮。对于那些答案为是的人,程序会延长冥想时间,答案为否的人则缩短。

研究人员认为设计的参与性很重要。“你不仅学会了如何保持对呼吸的关注,而且还需要反思你能做到这一点的能力,”Gazzaley说,“我们相信这是这种训练的有效成分的一部分。”

MediTrain还为每个人提供定期反馈,在培训期间,每天培训结束时和每周结束时提供进度报告。结果令人印象深刻!在第一天,参与者可以保持专注于他们的呼吸,平均只有20秒。经过30天的训练,这一时长平均上升到6分钟。

记忆力提升

反过来,这种改进使科学家能更好地评估持续注意力和工作记忆等其它更复杂的任务。

科学家们还发现MediTrain参与者在注意力测试中的表现更加一致并能够更专注于呼吸的时间,因而判断这两者之间存在一定的相关性。此外,在工作记忆测试中MediTrain参与者也有更佳的表现。

“我们认为在这个年轻而健康的群体中看到这类改进是一个漫长的过程,”论文的第一作者,加州大学旧金山分校神经系统技术部多模式生物传感主任David Ziegler博士说道,“但它说明了这种方法的力量。”

研究人员利用脑电图(EEG)记录每组参与者的部分大脑活动,发现当参与者通过冥想训练来稳定注意力时,大脑的某些部分,尤其是前脑部的活动会改变。

根据Ziegler的说法,“控制注意力的前额脑区在冥想训练后的活动中表现出更大的瞬间一致性。”当大脑中其它称为“默认模式网络”(default modenetwork)的区域变弱时,它们的活动也会增强。“默认模式网络”与注意力分散和自我专注有关。

研究人员表示,MediTrain已经获得了加州大学(University of California)的专利,有望为习惯于数字设备的年轻一代带来希望,但要想从大量使用电子媒体和技术中获得持续的注意力,它面临着多重挑战。

呼吸冥想——一项看似简单但又要求很高的任务,与其它更具智力和体力挑战的培训计划同样有助于培养专注力。它非常简单,可以满足当今世界狂热节奏所带来的特殊需求。

原始出处:

2. David A. Ziegler, et al. Closed-loop digital meditation improves sustained attention in young adults. Nature Human Behaviour. Jun 2019.

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    2020-01-13 tamgche
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    2019-07-05 百草

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    2019-06-26 百草

    666

    0

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    2019-09-07 liye789132251
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940435, encodeId=bc44194043569, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0de4919efc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#human#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9197, encryptionId=0de4919efc, topicName=human)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=674961, createdName=tamgche, createdTime=Mon Jan 13 10:07:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947884, encodeId=c5c2194e884fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e54d8483db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HAV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8483, encryptionId=e54d8483db, topicName=HAV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fc52500170, createdName=12498cbcm00(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Oct 22 14:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=369084, encodeId=372436908424, content=666, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/01/04/2540fb84decb81d47a7f2868070e6cbd.jpg, createdBy=ed3f2205793, createdName=百草, createdTime=Fri Jul 05 07:00:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368400, encodeId=cf58368400a3, content=666, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/01/04/2540fb84decb81d47a7f2868070e6cbd.jpg, createdBy=ed3f2205793, createdName=百草, createdTime=Wed Jun 26 17:37:35 CST 2019, time=2019-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883729, encodeId=3f5b1883e2989, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 07 20:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1283534, encodeId=08c4128353458, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c1868e1325' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瑜伽#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68713, encryptionId=1c1868e1325, topicName=瑜伽)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1072181, createdName=wjywjy, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 14:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511034, encodeId=9a8915110344b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a822e867b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#健康状况#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27867, encryptionId=5a822e867b5, topicName=健康状况)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9e3710287449, createdName=kkunny, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 14:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521927, encodeId=eb40152192e7b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f83866137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6613, encryptionId=f83866137f, topicName=EHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937d11405368, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 14:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-12 wjywjy
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940435, encodeId=bc44194043569, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0de4919efc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#human#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9197, encryptionId=0de4919efc, topicName=human)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=674961, createdName=tamgche, createdTime=Mon Jan 13 10:07:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947884, encodeId=c5c2194e884fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e54d8483db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HAV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8483, encryptionId=e54d8483db, topicName=HAV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fc52500170, createdName=12498cbcm00(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Oct 22 14:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=369084, encodeId=372436908424, content=666, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/01/04/2540fb84decb81d47a7f2868070e6cbd.jpg, createdBy=ed3f2205793, createdName=百草, createdTime=Fri Jul 05 07:00:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368400, encodeId=cf58368400a3, content=666, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/01/04/2540fb84decb81d47a7f2868070e6cbd.jpg, createdBy=ed3f2205793, createdName=百草, createdTime=Wed Jun 26 17:37:35 CST 2019, time=2019-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883729, encodeId=3f5b1883e2989, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 07 20:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1283534, encodeId=08c4128353458, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c1868e1325' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瑜伽#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68713, encryptionId=1c1868e1325, topicName=瑜伽)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1072181, createdName=wjywjy, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 14:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511034, encodeId=9a8915110344b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a822e867b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#健康状况#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27867, encryptionId=5a822e867b5, topicName=健康状况)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9e3710287449, createdName=kkunny, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 14:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521927, encodeId=eb40152192e7b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f83866137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6613, encryptionId=f83866137f, topicName=EHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937d11405368, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Wed Jun 12 14:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2019-06-12 qjddjq

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瑜伽是一项有着5000年历史的关于身体、心理以及精神的练习,起源于印度。一直以来,人们提到瑜伽都会想到修身养性。其实,已有有多项科学研究成果表明,瑜伽还可以预防和治疗多种疾病。【1】瑜伽与抑郁症抑郁症患者应该每周至少参加两次瑜伽和深呼吸课程,并在家练习可以明显改善抑郁症状。该发现发表在杂志《Alternative and Complementary Medicine》,为瑜伽作为抑郁症药物的代

Ann Intern Med:治疗慢性下背痛:瑜伽、理疗or教育?

瑜伽可以有效治疗轻度至中度慢性下背痛(cLBP),但其与理疗(PT)相比的相对有效性不清楚。此外,瑜伽对于缺医少药的更严重功能受限和疼痛患者的疗效也不明确。2017年7月,发表在《Ann Intern Med》的一项研究调查了瑜伽、理疗或教育治疗cLBP的疗效。

瑜伽成为肺癌患者及其照护者的有效支持疗法

作为高发且死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,肺癌已经成为肿瘤学中的研究热点。在乏善可陈的疗法之中,支持性疗法或可另辟蹊径,虽不能显着延长肺癌患者生存期,但是改善患者生活质量也是弥足珍贵的。

新研究表明:瑜伽或可治疗抑郁症

抑郁症是生活中最痛苦的精神疾病之一,众所周知,治疗抑郁症的有效方法太少了。上周,美国和荷兰的机构在美国心理学协会年会上发表了最新研究成果——瑜伽有良好的治疗抑郁症前景。研究人员通过脑部研究和行为研究表明,运动和冥想对于减轻抑郁症状和提升幸福感有明显的效果。

Int J Yoga:压力大?那就多练练瑜伽

压力是指有机体平衡在对环境需求的反应中的变化。评价生理反应的方法多种多样,其中有一种无创的检测方法,通过测量皮质醇和α淀粉酶的水平。越来越多的证据表明,规律地练习瑜伽是治疗压力的有效方法。本研究旨在确定昆达利尼瑜伽(KY)即刻和经过3个月的常规练习,对心理压力的影响,以及对唾液中皮质醇和α-淀粉酶活性水平的影响。研究共纳入了26名研究对象,年龄为18-45岁;13名进行KY训练,13名为对照者。收

CANCER:瑜伽对乳腺癌患者预后的神奇作用

一项新的研究指出,坚持一些瑜伽动作对乳腺癌患者的睡眠质量有着持久的好处。 这项研究的参与者包括227名乳腺癌患者,她们均已接受化疗,研究人员将她们随机分为三组,第一组参与者练习瑜伽,一周至少两次;第二组做一些简单的伸展动作,第三组接受常规治疗,也就是所谓的控制组。研究人员跟进他们的预后效果,以及睡眠质量,以三个月,六个月和十二个月进行记录。 研究结果发现,比起其他两组,