国家卫生健康委特别提醒:餐桌上出现这些食物千万别吃!

2020-06-05 佚名 国家卫生健康委

今年以来,我国发生多起毒蘑菇和有毒动物、有毒植物中毒事件,截至5月上旬已报告造成261人中毒、6人死亡。为预防和控制毒蘑菇和有毒动植物中毒发生,保障人民群众健康与生命安全,特发布以下提示:

今年以来,我国发生多起毒蘑菇和有毒动物、有毒植物中毒事件,截至5月上旬已报告造成261人中毒、6人死亡。为预防和控制毒蘑菇和有毒动植物中毒发生,保障人民群众健康与生命安全,特发布以下提示:

预防毒蘑菇中毒

毒蘑菇中毒事件主要发生在我国西南地区,特别是适宜野生蘑菇生长的云南、湖南和贵州等地。截止5月初,全国已报告76起毒蘑菇中毒事件,80%以上中毒事件为家庭自采误食导致。野生蘑菇种类繁多,许多品种外观相似,肉眼鉴别有毒和可食用品种十分困难。毒蘑菇中毒可以产生急性肝损害、急性肾衰竭、横纹肌溶解、胃肠炎、神经精神症状、溶血和光敏性皮炎等后果,中毒者救治非常困难,严重者可以导致死亡。因此,特别提示公众不要自采自食野生蘑菇,以免危及生命健康。

预防有毒植物中毒

有毒植物中毒常见原因是误将曼陀罗、桐油果、蓖麻子、马桑果、野人参、苦瓠瓜、商陆作为食用野菜野果,以及用草乌、川乌、附子、断肠草炮制药酒。其中,家庭用乌头(附子或附片)、断肠草制备药酒或肉制品时炮制不当引发的死亡是有毒植物中毒死亡的主要原因。食源性疾病监测报告显示,全国59%的有毒植物中毒发生在我国西南地区,以贵州、云南和湖南为主,其次为东南地区。特别提醒有相关饮食习惯地区,高度警惕有毒植物中毒,特别是制备药膳、药酒,应获得专业人员指导。

预防野生河鲀、贝类毒素中毒

近年我国东部部分地区屡有河鲀、贝类毒素中毒事件发生。在我国引起河鲀毒素中毒的食品主要是鲀毒鱼类,民间称之为“河鲀”(或“河豚”)。河鲀毒素毒性强,中毒表现为知觉麻痹、运动障碍、头晕头痛、恶心呕吐、血压下降、呼吸困难等,严重者导致死亡。河鲀毒素理化性质较为稳定,常见烹调方式不能完全去除。为保护民众健康,我国禁止加工经营野生河鲀。特别提示公众不要自行捕捞食用河鲀。

贝类毒素是由于贝类摄食或共生的藻类有毒,毒素在贝类体内蓄积产生。其出现有明显的地域性和季节性,赤潮发生时最多见。近年发现的高危贝类主要是贻贝(又称海虹、淡菜),其次是牡蛎、扇贝、蛤蜊等。常见贝类毒素有腹泻性、麻痹性、神经性和记忆缺失性等,以腹泻性和麻痹性贝类毒素为主,中毒严重时可导致死亡。贝类毒素无色无味,不会使贝类本身产生肉眼可分辨的变化,冷冻和加热不能使毒素完全失活。特别提醒公众消费贝类时尽量到正规食品生产经营场所,避免在赤潮预警期间自行打捞食用海产品。

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    2020-09-01 ms7000001395190706

    不错

    0

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    2020-06-07 yhy100201
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