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Nature重磅发现：运动让你更聪明，提高大脑抗炎因子水平，增强记忆力和学习能力

2021-12-28 brainnew神内神外 网络

阿尔茨海默病轻度认知障碍抗炎因子
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伏尔泰曾说过：“生命在于运动”。诚然，每天坚持运动有益于身体健康，而这种益处体现在多个方面，例如运动能改善代谢健康，预防心脑血管疾病和糖尿病等。此外，一些研究也表明运动锻炼可以降低癌症的发病风险。

 

那么，你是否知道，运动锻炼还有益于大脑健康，提高学习和记忆能力呢？
2021年12月8日，美国斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为：Exercise plasma boosts memory and dampens brain inflammation via clusterin（运动后血浆通过簇集素蛋白增强记忆力，抑制大脑炎症）的研究论文【1】。
该研究发现，运动锻炼能提高那些对大脑具有保护作用的抗炎因子水平。当研究人员将运动小鼠血浆中的这些抗炎因子转移到不锻炼的小鼠体内，也能提高它们的学习和记忆力。
 
更重要的是，研究团队发现，运动锻炼同样能够提高轻度认知障碍患者血浆中的簇集素水平，改善其认知能力和记忆力。
 
长期以来，科学家们已经发现了运动锻炼对身体的诸多益处。例如：
 
2020年1月，Cancer Research 上发表的一项研究显示，适当运动可有效降低高危女性的乳腺癌发生风险【2】。
2020年7月，Nature Metabolism 上发表的一项研究显示，运动与否还会影响子代健康——运动后的母乳有益于孩子的代谢健康【3】。
2021年6月，Nature Metabolism 上发表的一项研究显示，手术前进行有氧运动，能够减少肝脏手术的并发症【4】。
不仅如此，运动锻炼所带来的益处同样体现在大脑和神经健康上。部分研究显示，运动可以减少神经炎症，减轻脑损伤患者的症状，且可以改善阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的学习和记忆能力。
 
然而，遗憾的是，虽然锻炼对大脑和认知功能的益处已是众所周知，但其背后的机制一直有待阐明。如今，在这项研究中，Tony Wyss-Coray教授及其研究团队对这一潜在机制发起挑战。
 
研究小组将小鼠随机分为两组，一组小鼠使用跑步机坚持运动，另一组则是作为对照的不运动小鼠。28天后，研究人员分别采集了两组小鼠的血浆，并将这些血浆注射到另一组不运动的年轻小鼠体内。
 
运动锻炼在小鼠中诱导神经可塑性，改善认知能力，减少炎症反应
 
研究小组发现，注射了运动小鼠血浆的年轻小鼠，其海马细胞增殖和存活率显著增加。此外，这些年轻小鼠的环境和空间的学习以及记忆力也有所增强。有趣的是，这与在运动小鼠体内观察到的由跑步产生的直接效应类似。
 
运动锻炼可对抗脂多糖诱导的神经炎症
 
那么，又是什么因素导致了这种现象的发生呢？
 
研究团队对运动小鼠的血浆成分进行了蛋白质组学分析。他们发现，一些特定的细胞因子，比如簇集素（clusterin），在小鼠运动锻炼之后其含量水平有所提高。基于此，研究团队推断簇集素很可能在锻炼产生的大脑益处中起到了关键作用。
 
进一步研究显示，静脉注射簇集素在急性大脑炎症小鼠模型和阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型中均表现出抗炎作用。
 
运动会改变簇集素的水平
 
由此形成了一个完整的故事：小鼠在运动锻炼之后，血浆中的簇集素水平会升高，而簇集素具有抗炎作用，从而缓解大脑压力，具体表现为小鼠空间定位、学习和记忆力等大脑认知能力的提高。
 
簇集素减少海马体炎症
 
不仅如此，研究小组还在轻度认知损害患者进行了相关试验，他们发现，在进行6个月的身体锻炼干预后，20名轻度认知损害患者血浆中的簇集素水平有所上升，其认知能力和记忆力也得到一定改善。
 
总而言之，这项研究表明，血浆中可能存在对大脑有益的可转移的抗炎因子，这些抗炎因子的水平会在运动锻炼之后升高，从而导致了运动有益于大脑健康这一现象的产生。更重要的是，这一研究成果还为开发阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的治疗手段指明了新方向。
论文链接：
1.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04183-x
2.https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/80/1/116
3.https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-020-0223-8
4.https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-021-00402-x
撰文 | nagashi
编辑 | 王多鱼
排版 | 水成文
 

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    2022-02-04 ms3000001427112385

    运动

    0

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    2022-08-01 liye789132251

    #Nat#

    0

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    2022-01-19 ms3000001427112385

    加强运动

    0

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    2022-01-06 HCRui9

    get 到了～

    0

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    2021-12-31 xxxx1054

    #重磅#

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1190073, encodeId=defc11900e31c, content=运动, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=03fa5483020, createdName=ms3000001427112385, createdTime=Fri Feb 04 07:26:51 CST 2022, time=2022-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885576, encodeId=3f1b18855e698, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Aug 01 18:12:29 CST 2022, time=2022-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1186184, encodeId=991e1186184ca, content=加强运动, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=03fa5483020, createdName=ms3000001427112385, createdTime=Wed Jan 19 22:13:34 CST 2022, time=2022-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1181402, encodeId=8d601181402c7, content=get 到了～, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=24aa5532852, createdName=HCRui9, createdTime=Thu Jan 06 16:42:06 CST 2022, time=2022-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1549756, encodeId=45821549e56ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f7879600061' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重磅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96000, encryptionId=f7879600061, topicName=重磅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3acc14121561, createdName=xxxx1054, createdTime=Fri Dec 31 23:12:29 CST 2021, time=2021-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1620869, encodeId=bcda1620869be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d858084092' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#聪明#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80840, encryptionId=9d858084092, topicName=聪明)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=316420160942, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Fri Dec 31 23:12:29 CST 2021, time=2021-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1629439, encodeId=2df31629439a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a4a84548ea9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习能力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45487, encryptionId=a4a84548ea9, topicName=学习能力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1ef421335630, createdName=wolongzxh, createdTime=Fri Dec 31 23:12:29 CST 2021, time=2021-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-31 Boyinsh

    #聪明#

    0

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    2021-12-31 wolongzxh

    #学习能力#

    0

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