JBJS:MRI 是诊断儿童股骨头坏死的金标准么?

2014-08-14 陈晓勇 丁香园

Legg-Calv´e-Perthes 病是一种常见于儿童的特发性股骨头骨骺坏死,最终会导致股骨头永久性畸形和骨关节炎,但要在股骨头畸形出现之前的早期对预后进行评估仍存在诸多挑战。目前的 Catterall 分型和外侧柱分型是根据该疾病碎裂期在 X 线片上表现进行分型。Herring 等发现在碎裂中期,股骨头骨头外侧 1/3 塌陷的程度和疾病的预后强烈相关。在他们的外侧柱分型中,股骨头骨骺外侧 1

Legg-Calv´e-Perthes 病是一种常见于儿童的特发性股骨头骨骺坏死,最终会导致股骨头永久性畸形和骨关节炎,但要在股骨头畸形出现之前的早期对预后进行评估仍存在诸多挑战。

目前的 Catterall 分型和外侧柱分型是根据该疾病碎裂期在 X 线片上表现进行分型。Herring 等发现在碎裂中期,股骨头骨头外侧 1/3 塌陷的程度和疾病的预后强烈相关。在他们的外侧柱分型中,股骨头骨骺外侧 1/3 的塌陷程度又可以分为 A、B、C 型。但这种分型方法往往会受到主观因素的影响,且往往需要等到碎裂中期已经出现明显塌陷的时候才能进行分型,因此其临床应用受到了一定限制。

儿童股骨头缺血性坏死早期治疗的主要目标即是预防和减少畸形的发现,但从开始发病到碎裂中期往往长达 4-8 个月,畸形恰恰就发生在这个“等待分级”的漫长过程中。Catterall 分型也存在类似的问题,因为这种分型方法也要根据骨骺塌陷的情况对股骨头受累的程度进行分级。目前的这些分型方法的局限性提示我们,应该在疾病早期股骨头塌陷之前对疾病预后进行预测的重要性。

磁共振(MRI)是一种非常敏感的检查手段,它可以对股骨头进行多平面的显像,并在疾病早期就做出诊断。已经有研究证明了,在儿童股骨头缺血性骨坏死病例中,非增强型 MRI 确定的股骨头受累范围较 X 线更为准确。但非增强型 MRI 对受到骨骺中脂肪信号变化的影响,如要等待其中的脂肪信号衰减则到等待数周至数月的时间。已有研究发现,在股骨头缺血性坏死症状出现的 3-6 个月内,非增强型 MRI 会因假阴性率较高而易低估股骨头的受累情况。

与之相比,钆增强型 MRI 灌注检查股骨头血流情况时更为准确,因此可用于儿童股骨头缺血性骨坏死病例早期缺血(或灌注不足)的诊断。

有研究对非增强 MRI 和增强 MRI 进行比较后发现,股骨头缺血性坏死的早期通过增强 MRI 可以更好的显示股骨头坏死区域的边界。另一项随访研究也认为,股骨头缺血性坏死早期 MRI 灌注显示的缺血程度和 2 年后放射学上股骨头畸形的程度密切相关。来自美国 Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children 的 Harry K.W. Kim, MD 等对儿童股骨头缺血性坏死早期的 MRI 灌注进行了定量分析,以观察是否可以将骨骺灌注的程度作为碎裂中期外侧柱受累情况的预测因子。

证据水平:预后研究,Ⅱ 级

研究共对 29 例儿童股骨头缺血性坏死的病例在碎裂早期行钆增强磁共振(MRI)扫描,分别由 4 位测量者分别使用影像分析软件对整个骨骺和外侧 1/3 骨骺的灌注比例进行测量。根据碎裂中期的影像对外侧柱受累的情况分级。对结果进行组内相关系数(ICC)和逻辑回归分析。

结果发现,所有病例确诊时的平均年龄是 7.7 岁±1.7 岁,MRI 首次发现至碎裂期最大的间隔时间为 8.2±5.5 个月。骨骺外侧 1/3 灌注比例的观察者间 ICC 为 0.90。外侧柱 A、B、C 型的外侧 1/3 骨骺的灌注比例分别为 92%±2%、68%±18%、46%±12% 将。外侧 1/3 骨骺灌注比例超过 90% 时,外侧柱受累的情况为 A 型的比值比为 72.0,而外侧 1/3 骨骺灌注比例小于 55% 时,外侧柱受累情况为 C 型的比值比为 33.3。整个骨骺灌注情况与外侧柱的情况类似。

作者认为,在儿童股骨头骨骺缺血性坏死的早期,整个骨骺和外侧 1/3 骨骺的 MRI 灌注情况可以作为该疾病碎裂中期外侧柱受累的预测因子

来自 St. Louis Shriners and St. Louis Children’s Hospitals 的 Perry L. Schoenecker, MD 撰写了述评。他认为目前还难以将 MRI 灌注作为该疾病诊断的金标准。理由基于以下几点:

1、灌注扫描显示的血流灌注情况只能代表检查时的那个时间点,即使在同一分期的不同时间点进行的灌注扫描,其结果都可能不同。

2、灌注或非灌注 MRI 对于明确股骨头病理学改变和坏死范围有一定帮助,但对于包容治疗的时机选择并无必要。不论骨骺病变在哪个分期,获得满意的功能活动范围是最为重要的。

3、原文作者认为灌注 MRI 的结果有助于股骨截骨手术时机的选择,但目前的文献还没有确实的证据证明,截骨的包容治疗一定优于非截骨的包容治疗。甚至有研究认为对于 Herring B 型和 C 型的病例,非截骨的包容治疗的效果更好。

至少在目前,传统的放射学检查仍是评估和监测儿童股骨头骨骺早期缺血性坏死的金标准。

原始出处:


Kim HK1, Wiesman KD1, Kulkarni V1, Burgess J1, Chen E1, Brabham C1, Ikram H1, Du J1, Lu A1, Kulkarni AV2, Dempsey M1, Herring JA1.Perfusion MRI in Early Stage of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease to Predict Lateral Pillar Involvement: A Preliminary Study.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Jul 16;96(14):1152-1160. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-07-01 redcrab
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2041093, encodeId=a893204109361, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c2c59619965' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金标准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96199, encryptionId=c2c59619965, topicName=金标准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 18:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1721815, encodeId=b0e71e21815af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=01811016363e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨头#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101636, encryptionId=01811016363e, topicName=骨头)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9cd033099978, createdName=redcrab, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 21:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362781, encodeId=50ec1362e81bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b723414321c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坏死#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41432, encryptionId=b723414321c, topicName=坏死)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Sat Aug 16 00:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529655, encodeId=5c5015296558f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70ff81e9156' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#股骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81791, encryptionId=70ff81e9156, topicName=股骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9d3011964327, createdName=wangyang7962, createdTime=Sat Aug 16 00:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584867, encodeId=7eb5158486e42, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=931581e97ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#股骨头#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81797, encryptionId=931581e97ad, topicName=股骨头)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ee217064831, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Sat Aug 16 00:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598882, encodeId=f0f01598882bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b8e102617c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#JBJS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10261, encryptionId=0b8e102617c, topicName=JBJS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ef5818636905, createdName=qingrejiedu, createdTime=Sat Aug 16 00:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-16 huagfeg
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2041093, encodeId=a893204109361, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c2c59619965' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金标准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96199, encryptionId=c2c59619965, topicName=金标准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 18:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1721815, encodeId=b0e71e21815af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=01811016363e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨头#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101636, encryptionId=01811016363e, topicName=骨头)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9cd033099978, createdName=redcrab, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 21:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362781, encodeId=50ec1362e81bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b723414321c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坏死#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41432, encryptionId=b723414321c, topicName=坏死)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Sat Aug 16 00:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529655, encodeId=5c5015296558f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70ff81e9156' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#股骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81791, encryptionId=70ff81e9156, topicName=股骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9d3011964327, createdName=wangyang7962, createdTime=Sat Aug 16 00:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584867, encodeId=7eb5158486e42, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=931581e97ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#股骨头#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81797, encryptionId=931581e97ad, topicName=股骨头)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ee217064831, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Sat Aug 16 00:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598882, encodeId=f0f01598882bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b8e102617c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#JBJS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10261, encryptionId=0b8e102617c, topicName=JBJS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ef5818636905, createdName=qingrejiedu, createdTime=Sat Aug 16 00:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-16 qingrejiedu