国家卫健委推荐连花清瘟用于医学观察期

2020-01-29 MedSci MedSci原创

为有效应对目前疫情,切实保障人民群众健康,国家卫健委与国家中医药管理局联合发布了《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第四版)》,连花清瘟胶囊/颗粒被列为医学观察期推荐用药。医学观察期究竟是哪一类人群,连花清瘟对这类人群有怎样的作用,如何使用连花清瘟? 医学观察期是把具有乏力伴发热的群体纳入医学观察。纳入医学观察的群体并不代表已经确定感染了冠状病毒,这里面可能有感染冠


为有效应对目前疫情,切实保障人民群众健康,国家卫健委与国家中医药管理局联合发布了《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第四版)》,连花清瘟胶囊/颗粒被列为医学观察期推荐用药。医学观察期究竟是哪一类人群,连花清瘟对这类人群有怎样的作用,如何使用连花清瘟?





医学观察期是把具有乏力伴发热的群体纳入医学观察。纳入医学观察的群体并不代表已经确定感染了冠状病毒,这里面可能有感染冠状病毒的病人,也混杂着一些流感、普通感冒的人群,确诊冠状病毒感染需要严格的病毒检测。对于纳入医学观察的群体,国家卫健委方案明确指出可以服用连花清瘟胶囊/颗粒进行防治。


连花清瘟的组方用药与该群体对证

纳入医学观察期的患者大多具有这样的表现,发热或未发热、咽部发红、轻咳、无汗,这属于中医的风热犯卫证;也有不少患者一开始发病就表现为高热、咳嗽、痰黏不能顺畅咳出,嗓子疼痛,这属于中医的热毒袭肺证。

连花清瘟组方中汇聚了三个朝代治疗外感热性病的著名方剂,如汉代张仲景的麻杏石甘汤、明代吴又可治疗瘟疫用的大黄、清代的银翘散等,其中麻黄、薄荷可以发散风热犯卫证患者的风热外邪;银花、连翘、板蓝根、贯众等可以治疗嗓子痛,杏仁、鱼腥草可以治疗咳嗽、咳痰,生石膏、大黄可以清肺泄热,让热毒袭肺证患者体内的火毒从大便排出,尤其是方中还使用了藿香芳香化湿,正可以应对这次疫病湿邪偏重的情况。整个药方组合,可以改善发热或高热、咳嗽、痰黏不能顺畅咳出、嗓子疼痛等症状,所以不论是确诊病例,还是流感患者、普通感冒患者,都可以用连花清瘟防治。


抗病毒药效源于大量基础实验

20033月,“非典”疫情在我国蔓延,当时缺乏有效的治疗药物。以岭药业研发团队借鉴我国历代医家治疗外感热病的用药经验,以汉明清三朝治疗瘟疫的名方为基础,结合现代科学研究,发现抗病毒、抗炎疗效可靠的中药,组成了连花清瘟的配方。

中国军事医学科学院开展了连花清瘟抗冠状病毒SARS的研究,结果表明,连花清瘟胶囊抑制SARS-CoV病毒的半数有效浓度(IC50)为0.09mg/毫升,其治疗指数为40.33,可明显抑制SARS病毒的复制。连花清瘟也是为数不多有证据表明具有抗SARS-CoV作用的中药之一。因此在连花清瘟颗粒的说明书中明确了这一作用。2015年另一种新型冠状病毒引发了中东呼吸综合征,国家卫健委推荐连花清瘟胶囊/颗粒作为防治用药。

近年来中国中医科学院、广州医科大学呼吸疾病国家重点实验室等权威科研院所对该药进行的大量科学研究表明,连花清瘟胶囊具有广谱抗病毒作用,对多种甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒以及多种普通感冒病毒都有很好的抑制拮抗作用,同时可有效抑制多种细菌。

中药与西药作用机理不同,中药并不是针对某种单一病毒,而是对多种病毒感染引起的如发烧、咳嗽、咳痰等症候群发挥作用。新型冠状病毒性肺炎如果有相应的症状,连花清瘟也可适用。


循证医学研究证实连花清瘟治疗流感的有效性

循证医学是国际上最客观科学评价药效的研究方法,特点是大范围、多样本、双盲实验。2009年,以首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院为组长单位,启动了“连花清瘟胶囊治疗甲型H1N1流行性感冒”的循证医学研究,联合河南省传染病医院、湖南省疾病预防控制中心,沈阳市、成都市、济南市传染病医院等国内九家甲型流感收治医院,在全国范围内收集了大量病例,病例涵盖了各主要发病年龄段、各种症状的甲型H1N1流感患者。这些流感患者分为试验组和对照组,试验组患者每天按照标准治疗量服用连花清瘟胶囊,另一组患者则服用对照药物奥司他韦胶囊。

循证医学研究结果表明连花清瘟胶囊在抗病毒作用方面与奥司他韦没有差异。在缓解流感症状,特别是退热和缓解咳嗽、头痛、肌肉酸痛和乏力等症状方面,连花清瘟胶囊优于奥司他韦。专家论证后一致认为,连花清瘟胶囊是目前经循证研究证实治疗流感疗效确切的中成药。

20191月,由王辰院士承担,卫生部北京医院、首都医科大学朝阳医院、首都医科大学宣武医院、广东省中医院等全国13家三甲医院参与的“连花清瘟颗粒治疗病毒性肺炎随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、多中心临床研究”正式揭盲。研究结果显示连花清瘟在改善病毒性肺炎患者体温、咳嗽等临床症状方面显示出良好疗效。

我国呼吸疾病专家钟南山院士带领的科研团队对连花清瘟进行了多项研究,他指出:在临床医生公认最为严格的双盲循证医学研究中,连花清瘟显示出有效减轻流感患者症状的治疗效果,特别是出现高热症状的患者在发病早期使用效果更好。


预防效果需要科学证据

连花清瘟抗病毒治疗流感的作用得到了大量实验、临床研究的证实,那么它是否能起到预防效果呢?

2009年一场突如其来的甲流打乱了人们的平静生活。该年9月,河北省甲型H1N1流感防控专家组与河北省廊坊市第三人民医院报告,在廊坊市大学城出现了甲型H1N1流感聚集性疫情,防控专家组对确诊患者密切接触者及周围健康人群2万余人进行了迅速隔离。在20553人中,有6367人选择服用连花清瘟进行预防,1177人选择其他药物进行预防,13009人没有服用药物进行预防。结果发现,未使用药物预防组感染率8.8%,其他药物预防组感染率6.8%,连花清瘟预防组感染率仅1.2%表明连花清瘟胶囊对甲型H1N1流感具有预防作用。

连花清瘟对于儿童究竟如何使用?儿童免疫力低于成人,属于易感人群。一般儿童的发热症状会持续35天,还时常伴有头痛、咽痛、关节肌肉酸痛等症状,严重的患儿可能会引发肺炎、心肌炎、脑炎等并发症。

《中成药临床应用指南·儿科疾病分册》中,明确将连花清瘟列为治疗儿童流行性感冒热毒袭肺证的推荐用药。天津市中医药大学第一附属医院原院长、著名中医儿科专家马融教授介绍,连花清瘟主要是由两个方子构成,一个是治疗外感病的麻杏石甘汤;一个是二百多年以来常用的治疗小儿上呼吸道感染的银翘散,这俩方子合在一起,治疗流感效果非常好,可以退热,可以止咳。连花清瘟中的藿香可以芳香化湿,可以止吐、可以止泻,而且它有很好的退热作用;大黄,可以帮助孩子通腑,之后发热和咳嗽都会有明显好转;红景天,有一个很好的耐缺氧作用。连花清瘟颗粒剂,对于纳入临床观察的儿童服用非常方便,只是需要根据儿童的年龄、体重调节用量即可。




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    2020-01-29 1228f9a2m20暂无昵称

    学习

    0