CELL RES:植生所王金博士等报道Cas12a对于靶标ssDNA和非靶标ssDNA的切割特性研究

2018-03-14 BioArt BioArt

大约一个月前,Jennifer Doudna实验室在Science杂志上发表了一项基于CRISPR-Cas12a的技术,用于检测病毒DNA。他们的工作一经媒体报道就火遍了“朋友圈”。然而,国内有一个团队做出了类似的工作,却在2016年夏天投稿后被各种理由拒绝,之后辗转于多个所谓的顶尖杂志,甚至经过两轮评审之后被reviewer认为没有创新性而拒稿。令人欣慰的是,虽然国际上可能还存在某种无形的“偏见

大约一个月前,Jennifer Doudna实验室在Science杂志上发表了一项基于CRISPR-Cas12a的技术,用于检测病毒DNA。他们的工作一经媒体报道就火遍了“朋友圈”。然而,国内有一个团队做出了类似的工作,却在2016年夏天投稿后被各种理由拒绝,之后辗转于多个所谓的顶尖杂志,甚至经过两轮评审之后被reviewer认为没有创新性而拒稿。令人欣慰的是,虽然国际上可能还存在某种无形的“偏见”,但Cell Research杂志却能慧眼识珠:该团队的相关工作在早于Doudna实验室一个月投稿的情况下最终被Cell Research杂志接受,并于近日发表。为了使读者更直观地了解国内同行工作的重要意义以及投稿背后的心酸历程,BioArt特别邀请到了熟知该项工作的中科院北京微生物研究所娄春波研究员进行点评,以飨读者!

近年来,CRISPR领域的两巨牛(张锋和Doudna)都十分关注核酸检测方向。张锋团队在RNA检测方面做了很多工作,去年4月份发表在Science上的论文引爆网络;而Doudna团队借助最近发表的这篇Science也必将强势切入DNA的检测领域。CRISPR最初是因基因编辑能力而备受关注;但是在临床应用方面,似乎基于CRISPR的核酸诊断会更容易实现些。

作为CRISPR/Cas9之外的另一个明星分子,Cas12a(旧称Cpf1)也受到了广泛关注。和Cas9类似,Cas12a/crRNA复合物可以特异识别并切割靶标dsDNA,因此已被应用于多个物种的基因组编辑工作。此外,Cas12a还拥有RNase活力以加工前体crRNA到成熟crRNA;基于这一点,人们可以设计不同靶向的crRNA array,进而实现多靶点的基因组编辑和多基因的转录调控。不过,除了针对靶标dsDNA和前体crRNA的切割活力外,人们对Cas12a是否切割ssDNA的了解非常少。

3月12日,中科院上海植物生理生态研究所赵国屏院士团队王金博士等在Cell Research杂志上发表了题为CRISPR-Cas12a has both cis- and trans-cleavage activities on single-stranded DNA的研究论文,深入系统地研究了Cas12a对于靶标ssDNA和非靶标ssDNA的切割特性。

研究人员发现,Cas12a在靶标ssDNA的第22位附近特异切割DNA(作者称为cis切割),并且该切割行为不需要PAM序列的辅助。另外,一旦Cas12a/crRNA与靶标DNA(双链或者单链)形成三元复合体后,该复合物就会显示出很强的trans切割活性,也就是将体系中任意ssDNA切成短片段。结合质谱分析,作者发现切碎的短片段大小为2-4个核苷酸。通过单氨基酸突变实验,作者证明这种trans切割活性由Cas12a中的“RuvC催化口袋”负责完成,并提出了三元复合物行使ssDNA  cis/trans切割活性的模型。BioArt从王金老师处获悉,基于该原理,作者团队也开发了核酸快速检测体系,相关工作正在投稿中。

值得注意的是,这篇Cell Research的投稿比Jennifer Doudna实验室的Science工作要早近1个月(该篇Cell Res是2017年10月30日投稿;而Science那篇则是2017年11月29日投稿,此外该文还同步post到预印本杂志bioRxiv上);巧合的是,两个团队的工作于同一天被接收(2018年2月5日)。

在机理发现方面:两个团队的主要结论以及所做的实验工作几乎一模一样,但实际上Cell Research的工作看上去更加细致、全面。不过,Doudna的Science工作中包含了“发现”和“应用”两部分;王金博士团队则将“发现”部分发表于Cell Research,而应用部分正在投稿。两个团队几乎同时期、独立地完成了Cas12a该活力的发现、鉴定和其应用的开发工作。

凭借其快速、简便、廉价等特性,基于CRISPR的核酸快检技术有望在核酸市场中占有一席之地。RNA和DNA的检测虽然各有优缺点,但是DNA样本会更加稳定,操作上也更简便。张锋团队在RNA的检测方面一骑绝尘;而在DNA的检测方面,Doudna团队已经明确表示会进一步开发DETECTR的后续应用,同时国内的王金博士也在联合有关公司合作开发相关应用。可以预见,后续的竞争一定会是异常激烈的,请大家拭目以待。

专家点评  娄春波(中科院北京微生物研究所研究员,青年***)

王金博士等报道的这种Cas12a-crRNA具有切割特异DNA靶序列后被激活非特异切碎单链DNA的活性,类似的现象之前被Zhang Feng等人在RNA靶向的Cas13a系统中报道过,但是DNA在稳定性等方面优越于RNA,更有利于技术优化和推广。这是一个非常有趣的基础科学现象,也是近几年不断挖掘CRISPR这样微生物获得性免疫系统中各式各样奇特生物化学反应的一个重要成果。这个研究成果将来有希望应用于多种核酸检测过程,比如肿瘤检测、HIV等传染性病原体检测和食品安全检测等。这个结果跟两周前Science杂志发表的Jennifer Doudna课题组的研究结果类似,但从投稿时间来看,王金博士的文章早投一个月。实际上,我本人在2017年9-10月份的一个会议上,就看到王金博士展示的实验结果。当时他说这个工作已经历了几个杂志的“投稿-拒稿”循环,而且被审稿人认为这种类似于Cas13a的RNA非特异切割活性的实验结果没有新意。然而正是这样没有“新意”的结果在半年后却被发表于国际权威杂志。除了文章写作等问题外,相应的歧视现象应该还是存在的。

原始出处:
Li SY, Cheng QX, Liu JK,et al.CRISPR-Cas12a has both cis- and trans-cleavage activities on single-stranded DNA.Cell Res. 2018 Mar 12. doi: 10.1038/s41422-018-0022-x. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2019-01-08 维他命
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    2018-03-16 zhaojie88
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    2018-03-16 yaanren
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960771, encodeId=16d01960e71d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Jan 08 10:40:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870503, encodeId=19be18e050353, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Jul 06 05:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1819731, encodeId=122d1819e31ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f08399e5972' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99759, encryptionId=f08399e5972, topicName=非靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=80ca273, createdName=fanweitanzhen, createdTime=Tue May 22 09:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352799, encodeId=90091352e990a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 09:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624864, encodeId=df3b162486464, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 09:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296550, encodeId=154f29655053, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu Mar 15 21:58:53 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296229, encodeId=ba2a2962291c, content=大约一个月前.JenniferDoudna实验室在Science杂志上发表了一项基于CRISPR-Cas12a的技术.用于检测病毒DNA.他们的工作一经媒体报道就火遍了[朋友圈".然而.国内有一个团队做出了类似的工作.却在2016年夏天投稿后被各种理由拒绝.之后辗转于多个所谓的顶尖杂志.甚至经过两轮评审之后被reviewer认为没有创新性而拒稿, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Wed Mar 14 21:39:47 CST 2018, time=2018-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-15 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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    2018-03-14 有备才能无患

    大约一个月前.JenniferDoudna实验室在Science杂志上发表了一项基于CRISPR-Cas12a的技术.用于检测病毒DNA.他们的工作一经媒体报道就火遍了[朋友圈".然而.国内有一个团队做出了类似的工作.却在2016年夏天投稿后被各种理由拒绝.之后辗转于多个所谓的顶尖杂志.甚至经过两轮评审之后被reviewer认为没有创新性而拒稿

    0