Science:肠道微生物竟然影响癌症免疫治疗效果?!

2015-11-10 佚名 生物谷

检查点抑制剂是能够唤醒免疫系统抵抗肿瘤的新型药物,对癌症的治疗具有显著的疗效。然而一些临床结果表明该类药物对一部分病人并没有效果。最近两篇研究文章对此内在的机理进行了阐释。作者们认为这部分病人体内的微生物种群存在异常,因而不能正常地产生免疫反应。 这两项研究第一次将免疫检查点抑制剂与肠道的菌群联系起来。正常情况下,免疫细胞表面的一些受体能够限制其对自体组织进行杀伤。然而肿瘤组织同样能够激活

检查点抑制剂是能够唤醒免疫系统抵抗肿瘤的新型药物,对癌症的治疗具有显著的疗效。然而一些临床结果表明该类药物对一部分病人并没有效果。最近两篇研究文章对此内在的机理进行了阐释。作者们认为这部分病人体内的微生物种群存在异常,因而不能正常地产生免疫反应。

这两项研究第一次将免疫检查点抑制剂与肠道的菌群联系起来。正常情况下,免疫细胞表面的一些受体能够限制其对自体组织进行杀伤。然而肿瘤组织同样能够激活这些受体,导致特异性的免疫细胞无法对其进行识别与杀伤。像ipilimumab等免疫检查点抑制剂则能够通过阻止肿瘤细胞对这些受体的激活而维持免疫细胞的活性。

这项新的研究能够改变医生用药的方式。这两篇文章证明了微生物能够影响治疗效果,来自NIH的过敏与传染病研究所的免疫学家Yasmine Belkaid说到。过去研究者们经常专注于寻找患者基因组中的的突变,并以此解释为何免疫检查点抑制剂药物治疗效果存在个体差异。而如今的这两篇研究指出除基因组之外,微生物可能也有同样的影响。

免疫检查点抑制剂能够缩小肿瘤病延长患者的寿命。然而并不是所有患者都能够达到此效果。比如,仅有20%的黑色素瘤患者经过ipilimumab治疗后获得了寿命的延长,而研究者们此前也一直不清楚这一类群与那不幸的80%患者有何不同。

这类药物的一项副作用使得来自法国的癌症免疫学家Laurence Zitvogel产生了兴趣。Ipilimumab经常能够引发溃疡(一类肠道炎症),并引起肠道内一部分细菌的死亡。这一副作用暗示Ipilimumab的药效可能与肠道的微生物有很大关系。之后的实验证明了免疫检查点抑制剂对于患有癌症且肠道微生物缺失小鼠治疗效果并不明显。

之后,Zitvogel等人认为是肠道内某一特定类型的细菌参与了微生物的抗肿瘤效应。为了验证这一猜想,作者们将特定的微生物定殖到无菌小鼠肠道内部。结果显示,肠道菌的再生能够增强免疫检查点抑制剂的疗效。

同时,来自芝加哥大学的免疫学家Thomas Gajewski得到了相似的结论。他发现两株来源不同的同一品系小鼠产生了不同的表型:来自于Jackson Laboratory的小鼠体内黑色素瘤的生长速度明显慢于来自Taconic Farms的小鼠。额将它们共同饲养之后这一差异便消失了。由此,他们认为是肠道呢IDE微生物种群的差异影响了肿瘤的生长。

之后,作者们开始分析是何种微生物真正影响了小鼠抗肿瘤的结果。他们鉴定出了Bifidobacterium是一类关键的细菌类型。以上两个研究组的结果都同时发表在最近一期的《Science》杂志上。

两个研究组所鉴定得到的关键微生物类型并不相同,然而佛罗里达大学医学院的微生物免疫学家Christian Jobin却并不在意。他认为其内在的本质依然是相同的。

这项新发现打开了癌症治疗的新大门,也许未来人们可以通饲喂特定的菌株达到提高癌症治疗效果的目的 

原文出处:

Ayelet Sivan,Leticia Corrales,et al.Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti–PD-L1 efficacy.science.2015

Marie Vétizou,Jonathan M. Pitt,et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota.science.2015

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824612, encodeId=726f182461213, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50244, encodeId=a6d150244c3, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Dec 29 15:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893902, encodeId=8109189390224, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e456463eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64637, encryptionId=5e456463eee, topicName=治疗效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Wed May 11 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43296, encodeId=507043296fe, content=受教了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160713/IMG578519F1E84C63307.jpg, createdBy=331b1635963, createdName=maivera, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375119, encodeId=63a913e5119bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Nov 12 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824612, encodeId=726f182461213, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50244, encodeId=a6d150244c3, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Dec 29 15:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893902, encodeId=8109189390224, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e456463eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64637, encryptionId=5e456463eee, topicName=治疗效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Wed May 11 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43296, encodeId=507043296fe, content=受教了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160713/IMG578519F1E84C63307.jpg, createdBy=331b1635963, createdName=maivera, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375119, encodeId=63a913e5119bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Nov 12 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-29 xyfg98

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824612, encodeId=726f182461213, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50244, encodeId=a6d150244c3, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Dec 29 15:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893902, encodeId=8109189390224, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e456463eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64637, encryptionId=5e456463eee, topicName=治疗效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Wed May 11 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43296, encodeId=507043296fe, content=受教了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160713/IMG578519F1E84C63307.jpg, createdBy=331b1635963, createdName=maivera, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375119, encodeId=63a913e5119bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Nov 12 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824612, encodeId=726f182461213, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50244, encodeId=a6d150244c3, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Dec 29 15:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893902, encodeId=8109189390224, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e456463eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64637, encryptionId=5e456463eee, topicName=治疗效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Wed May 11 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43296, encodeId=507043296fe, content=受教了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160713/IMG578519F1E84C63307.jpg, createdBy=331b1635963, createdName=maivera, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375119, encodeId=63a913e5119bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Nov 12 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-17 maivera

    受教了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824612, encodeId=726f182461213, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50244, encodeId=a6d150244c3, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Dec 29 15:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893902, encodeId=8109189390224, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e456463eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64637, encryptionId=5e456463eee, topicName=治疗效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Wed May 11 07:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43296, encodeId=507043296fe, content=受教了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160713/IMG578519F1E84C63307.jpg, createdBy=331b1635963, createdName=maivera, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375119, encodeId=63a913e5119bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Nov 12 00:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-12 jichang

相关资讯

怀孕期间压力过大可改变阴道微生物进而影响宝宝的发育

怀孕期间压力过大可改变阴道微生物进而影响宝宝的发育据发表于Endocrinology的一项最新研究表明,母亲怀孕期间压力过大会造成阴道中微生物的变化,可能会影响宝宝的肠道微生物以及宝宝的大脑发育。该研究强调了母亲引导的微生物在宝宝发育过程中的重要性研究人员发现,小鼠在怀孕早期阶段暴露于压力之中可改变其阴道微生物,这将破坏小小鼠的肠道菌群。研究小组还发现,尤其是雄性小小鼠的肠道微生物更易因其母亲阴道

AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L:想减肥?坚持可溶性纤维饮食便可

民众普遍认为,高脂肪饮食是导致民众体重增加的罪魁祸首。乔治亚州立大学的研究人员的一项新研究表明,饮食中不含或含有少量的可溶性纤维可能也是导致民众肥胖的关键因素。 发表在Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology杂志的研究表明,若老鼠的饮食中缺乏可溶性纤维,则会导致小鼠体质较差和体重增加。 可溶性纤维在肠道吸收水分,形成凝胶状物质,这些凝胶状物质

Science:ILC -III介导微生物特异性T细胞“阴性选择”

针对自身抗原的T细胞是自身免疫疾病的主要原因,因而在正常状态下,针对自身抗原的T细胞在成熟之前就在胸腺中被机体识别并删除了,这一过程被称为"克隆删除"。介导克隆删除的关键是位于胸腺中的表皮细胞与树突状细胞,它们表达MHC II,并能够呈递自身的抗原物质。一旦有T细胞能够识别该抗原-MHC II复合体,那么就会启动细胞死亡的程序。 然而,肠道微生物特异性的T细胞的产生就变得十分有趣了。首先

Cell host & Mircrobe:新生儿肠道微生物菌群研究

肠道微生物菌群被认为与人类健康息息相关。但是微生物菌群是如何稳定建立的,还没有很好的定量研究。在近期的《Cell Host & Microbe》上,通过宏基因组测序分析,科学家们分析了新生儿和母亲肠道菌群,分析了新生儿出生第一年肠道微生物菌群的建立。他们发现,自然生成的婴儿和剖腹产婴儿的肠道菌群存在很大差异,前者更接近他们的母亲。而且不同时期的饮食不同,微生物菌群也存在着差异,并随着时间变

是什么导致了“夫妻相”的产生?

生活中有种“夫妻相”的说法,即指长期生活在一起的夫妻会趋向于拥有相似的面貌。如今这种说法已被科学证实,“夫妻相”并不是人们的主观臆断,科学家已经发现了导致“夫妻相”现象的背后原因。科学家指出,长时间的共同生活会让夫妻间原本不相同的肠道微生物生态环境变得相似,而肠道微生物也在逐渐变得相似的过程中对夫妇双方的性格、行为习惯等产生影响,即让双方的性格习惯趋于一致,继而导致出现了所谓的“夫妻相”。肠道微生

Nature:肠道微生物菌群分析或许对于诊断肝硬化并不必要

图片来源:www.npr.org近日,发表在国际著名杂志Nature上的一项研究报告中,来自弗吉尼亚联邦大学医学院的研究人员发表了最新的数据解释了其2014年刊登在Nature上的研究结论,2014年研究者阐明了一种利用复杂的微生物群落分析来进行肝硬化的诊断,这种微生物群落是指人类集体中小型有机体的网络,包括可以增强或者减弱机体免疫系统功能的细菌和真菌等。肝硬化的主要特点是肝脏发生显著的不可逆转的