系统比较**、二、三代EGFR-TKI,综合实力奥希替尼更胜一筹

2019-09-02 佚名 肿瘤资讯

当前EGFR-TKI呈现“三代同堂”的盛况,不同代的EGFR-TKI间在疗效和安全性上均存在一定的差异。有幸邀请到湖南省肿瘤医院的杨农教授对ASCO归来的诸多收获进行分享,并系统比较了第一、二、三代EGFR-TKI的疗效、安全性和可及性,探讨未来的临床用药选择。

当前EGFR-TKI呈现“三代同堂”的盛况,不同代的EGFR-TKI间在疗效和安全性上均存在一定的差异。有幸邀请到湖南省肿瘤医院的杨农教授对ASCO归来的诸多收获进行分享,并系统比较了第一、二、三代EGFR-TKI的疗效、安全性和可及性,探讨未来的临床用药选择。

杨农,主任医师,湖南省肿瘤医院,肿瘤内科教研室主任、肺肠肿瘤内科主任,湖南“225”工程医学学科带头人,中南大学、南华大学研究生导师,十三五国家科技重大专项首席专家,国家药监总局新药审评专家,中国医药教育协会肿瘤免疫治疗专委会 副主任委员,中国药物临床试验机构联盟青委会 副主任委员,中国胸部肿瘤研究协作组主要研究者,中国临床肿瘤学会理事及免疫治疗专委会委员,中国抗癌协会青委会常委,中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专委会委员,湖南省抗癌协会肿瘤精准医学专业委员会 主任委员.

2019 ASCO年会,晚期EGFR敏感突变非小细胞肺癌一线治疗的最新研究进展

今年的ASCO年会有3项关于EGFR-TKI相关的研究值得重点关注。

第一项是FLAURA研究生存模型的预测,虽然现在随访时间未达到,但是通过Weibull生存模型的预测可以看到5年生存率在奥希替尼组约为31%,吉非替尼组约为15%,奥希替尼组是吉非替尼组的2倍,所以这是值得我们关注的热点。

第二项是奥希替尼联合抗血管生成治疗的研究,A+T模式(厄洛替尼联合贝伐珠单抗)的疗效已经在JO25567研究中获得证实,那么第三代EGFR-TKI联合抗血管生成治疗能否获得更好的结果呢?这项研究特别纳入了大量的非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者,占比约70%,一线使用奥希替尼联合抗血管生成治疗,中位无进展生存(PFS)超过18个月。这一数据与FLAURA研究中奥希替尼单药治疗的PFS(18.9个月)非常接近,但是FLAURA研究中脑转移患者的占比只有17%,这意味着奥希替尼联合抗血管生成治疗的治疗模式能显着延长脑转移患者的PFS。

第三项是 RELAY研究,该研究是新一代VEGFR2单克隆抗体雷莫卢单抗(ramucirumab)联合厄洛替尼的随机对照临床试验。研究显示,在厄洛替尼的基础上加用雷莫卢单抗可以显着延长患者PFS,而且该研究的两个亚组(19外显子突变和21外显子突变亚组)都获得超过19个月的PFS,与厄洛替尼单药获得的12个月PFS相比明显延长。但是我们也看到,研究中厄洛替尼单药的疗效也较好,PFS达到了12个月,两组的PFS差距为7个月。从既往的研究来看,其实FLAURA研究中三代TKI和一代TKI之间的PFS差距更大。

一、二、三代EGFR-TKI疗效和安全性比较

目前,国内已上市的一、二、三代EGFR-TKI有7个。我们从其中4个代表性药物(一代的吉非替尼、二代的阿法替尼和达可替尼、三代的奥希替尼)的注册临床试验来比较。IPASS研究对生物标志物分析是回顾性的。毫无疑问,IPASS的疗效、安全性均显着优于化疗,IPASS研究奠定了EGFR 突变患者使用TKI治疗的基石,但是该研究的PFS时间比较有限。

再看二代的阿法替尼和达可替尼。Lux-Lung 7中,二代阿法替尼与吉非替尼相比,两组之间的PFS差异很细微,从循证医学证据来看,阿法替尼对于少见突变和罕见突变的患者更具有优势,但阿法替尼的不良反应如皮疹、腹泻、口腔溃疡较严重,这些不良反应在达可替尼使用过程中也有出现,超过半数以上的患者在研究过程中需要减量使用。达可替尼在结构上与阿法替尼类似,其抑制作用也较强。达可替尼在注册临床试验设计时剔除了脑转移患者,ARCHER1050研究显示达可替尼较一代TKI显着延长了PFS,总生存期(OS)也有显着性差异,但是亚裔人群的OS没有显着性差异。亚裔是每一个试验组和对照组中的优势人群,最终OS没有得到阳性结果应考虑与样本量有限有关。

最后来看奥希替尼的注册临床试验FLAURA研究。在FLAURA研究中,尽管入组了17%的脑转移患者,奥希替尼组依然获得了18.9个月的PFS,比吉非替尼组的10.2个月有显着的延长。而且,FLAURA研究允许交叉治疗,两组之间的PFS差异依然显着,所以其研究结果是可信的。虽然随访时间还没到,但是从今年Weibull生存模型的预测情况来看,奥希替尼组的5年生存率可以达到30%以上,2倍于吉非替尼组的15%。

这三代EGFR-TKI虽然各有各的特点,但是毫无疑问,对于19号外显子驱动突变的患者,一线使用奥希替尼具有巨大的优势。

NSCLC一线治疗的EGFR-TKI选择

我们关注的首先是疗效,其次是毒副反应,然后是药物的费用。虽然一代TKI的疗效与二、三代TKI相比略差,但现在一代TKI大多已进了医保,价格便宜,患者的可及性很高。相对二代TKI,一代TKI的皮疹和腹泻发生率都较低,毒副反应更小,这是一代TKI的优势。二代TKI阿法替尼和达可替尼的毒副反应,如腹泻、皮疹、口腔溃疡等相对较严重,但阿法替尼的优势体现于少见突变和罕见突变的患者,达可替尼的优势体现于无脑转移的患者。达可替尼较一代TKI,PFS有显着性差异,但分别分析19外显子突变和21外显子突变两个患者亚组,显示达可替尼与一代TKI间OS没有显着性差异。这是二代TKI的优势。再来看三代TKI,阿斯利康公司全球官方已宣布了FLAURA研究的OS结果为阳性, PFS获得显着延长。相对一代TKI,常见的毒副反应也并没有显着增加,耐受性好。另外,三代TKI透过血脑屏障的能力强,对于有脑转移的患者,奥希替尼的控制会更好。由此可见,三代TKI在疗效和耐受性方面的优势非常突出。

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    2019-09-04 lsj628
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    2019-09-04 liuyiping
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