medRxiv:新冠肺炎严重程度与遗传相关:双胞胎研究

2020-05-03 bioworld bioworld

新冠疫情不仅仅对世界人民生的命安全产生巨大威胁,还会引发广泛的民众恐慌、社会动荡和经济衰退。然而,近期疫情仍在全球范围内持续蔓延,这给予我们一个十分明显的信号:

新冠疫情不仅仅对世界人民生的命安全产生巨大威胁,还会引发广泛的民众恐慌、社会动荡和经济衰退。然而,近期疫情仍在全球范围内持续蔓延,这给予我们一个十分明显的信号:新冠疫情短期内不可能结束,世界抗击疫情的斗争或将陷入持久战!

截止目前,全球累计确诊逾333万例,累计死亡超过23万人,其中作为“震中”的美国更是将近占了新冠肺炎(COVID-19)确诊人数的1/3。新冠病毒已渗透到人类的各个阶层,甚至包括国家最高领导人,如英国首相鲍里斯、俄罗斯总理米舒斯京等也确诊了新冠肺炎。

发热、乏力、干咳、嗅觉缺失和谵妄(意识障碍)等是新冠肺炎的典型症状,但实际上新冠患者往往症状不一,仅表现其中的一种或多种。那么,为什么不同的人会有不一样的患病症状呢?

近日,英国伦敦国王学院双胞胎研究与遗传流行病学系等机构的科学家在预印本平台 medRxiv 上发表了题为:Self-reported symptoms of covid-19 including symptoms most predictive of SARS-CoV-2 infection, are heritable 的研究论文。

研究人员对新冠肺炎症状进行了经典的双胞胎研究,并发现宿主基因型可能影响机体对新冠病毒的易感性和具体症状表现。

具体来说,各种新冠肺炎症状与遗传的相关性如下:谵妄=49%;发烧=41%;乏力=32%;嗅觉丧失=47%;气短=43%以及腹泻=34%。

值得注意的是,部分新冠肺炎症状,例如声音嘶哑咳嗽胸痛腹痛等,这些都是环境决定的,与遗传无关

传染性疾病可能表现出一种遗传特征——感染的发展倾向和免疫反应的严重程度,这些都将受到宿主遗传因素的影响。病毒多样性与调节免疫反应和作为病毒的糖链结构生物合成的遗传变异有关。

研究表明免疫遗传因子与H1N1感染的风险和严重程度有关,因此,了解COVID-19的症状在人群中的具体表现,或可揭示SARS-CoV-2感染的致病机制,并为分配稀缺的医疗资源,特别是重症监护床提供了实用价值。

在此项研究中,研究人员开发了一个COVID-19症状跟踪应用程序来收集SARS-CoV-2大流行期间的实时数据,并以此估计COVID-19症状的遗传力,并确定适合全基因组关联研究的表型。

研究人员共收集到2633名成年同性双胞胎提供的COVID-19症状分析数据,共包括728对同性双胞胎,其中537对为同卵双胞胎,191对为异卵双胞胎,女性占86.9%。

通过对数据进行统计分析,研究者发现各种COVID-19症状与遗传的相关性如下:谵妄=49%(95%置信区间, [24-75]%);发烧=41%(95%置信区间, [12-70]%);乏力=32%(95%置信区间, [1-64]%);嗅觉丧失=47%(95%置信区间, [27-67]%);气短=43%(95%置信区间, [8-77]%)以及腹泻=34%(95%置信区间, [14-55]%)。

不过值得注意的是,部分COVID-19症状,例如声音嘶哑、咳嗽、胸痛和腹痛等,这些都是环境决定的,与遗传无关

除此之外,为了尽可能排除环境因素的影响,研究人员还单独对分开居住的双胞胎(n = 2,104)进行了统计分析,其中发烧(41%)、嗅觉丧失(48%)和气短(47%)的结果大致相似,但腹泻(41%)有所增加,谵妄(37%)和乏力(24%)则有所减少。

总而言之,此项研究对COVID-19的症状进行经典的双胞胎研究,研究人员通过对数据的统计分析发现谵妄、发烧、乏力、嗅觉丧失、气短以及腹泻等常见COVID-19症状与宿主的基因型密切相关。

这一研究成果对临床预估患者的预后和病情走向极为重要,并为分配稀缺的医疗资源,特别是重症监护病床提供了实用价值。

论文链接:

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.20072124v2

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    2020-05-11 wxl882001

    了解一下

    0

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    2020-05-05 智慧医人
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    2020-05-03 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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