一文了解红色毛发糠疹与斑块型银屑病的皮肤镜鉴别

2021-09-18 医路坦克 MedSci原创

红色毛发糠疹(PRP)是一种相对罕见的皮肤病,临床特征是红斑鳞屑斑块,皮肤岛正常,滤泡栓和掌跖角化过度。然而,在非典型病例中,PRP必须与其他红斑鳞状皮肤病特

      红色毛发糠疹(PRP)是一种相对罕见的皮肤病,临床特征是红斑鳞屑斑块,皮肤岛正常,滤泡栓和掌跖角化过度。然而,在非典型病例中,PRP必须与其他红斑鳞状皮肤病特别是斑块状银屑病(PP)区分开来。皮肤镜检查是一种非侵入性诊断工具,可以显示肉眼看不到的许多形态特征,特别是血管和色素结构;因此,它代表了宏观皮肤病学和微观皮肤病理学之间的联系。

      皮肤镜检查的特征可能是特定疾病所特有的,可以在不止一个实体中看到,因此被认为是“非特异性的”。非特异性特征加上某些其他临床皮肤镜检查标准,往往会导致准确的明确诊断或缩小鉴别诊断的范围。有研究指出PRP和PP在皮肤镜检查模式上的显著差异,这可能有助于某些病例的非侵入性诊断。虽然作为一个单一的特征,淡黄色背景并不是PRP的特异性,但它对鉴别PRP和银屑病很有帮助。事实上,淡黄色背景此前已被认为是银屑病诊断的一个主要的负面预后预测因子。

      此外,与PP相比,PRP中仅有白色角化栓子的存在表明了其作为区分特征的价值;这一发现得到了López-Gómez等人的支持。81.8%的PRP病例(单独或混合点状血管)检出线状血管,而96%的PP病例仅检出点状血管,这是区别这两种皮肤病的另一个重要的显着特征。这些发现与Lallas等人的病例报告一致。规则分布的点状血管在浅红色背景上的组合,与弥漫性白色鳞片相关联,这对PP具有很高的预测性,并以88.0%的特异性和84.9%的敏感度做出正确的诊断。另一种线索模式是黄色鳞片的出现,以及暗红色背景下点状血管的簇状分布,有或没有黄色浆液性结痂(黄色凝固征),这表明手指状湿疹。第三个线索模式是周围白斑(颈索征)和黄色背景下的簇状点状血管相结合,这是诊断PRP的一个有价值的线索。PRP和PP在血管排列、鳞片颜色和鳞片分布方面的显著差异。总之,PRP和PP显示了独特的皮肤镜模式,可能有助于临床诊断,也可能有助于与其他类似皮肤病的鉴别诊断,特别是在无法进行皮肤活检的情况下,因为它仍将是皮肤科的黄金标准诊断工具。

 

图1斑块型银屑病(Pp)(A)和毛发红糠疹(Prp)(C)患者,皮肤镜检查pp显示白色鳞片,背景为浅红色(B);相比之下,prp显示黄白相间的鳞片和黄红色背景(D)的角化栓子(黑色圆圈)。

 

图2斑块型银屑病(PP)(A)表现为表皮角化不全和银屑病样增生(苏木精-伊红,原始倍数×20);红毛糠疹(PRP)(C),表现为不规则棘皮病、骨角化和角化不全交替(苏木精-伊红,原始倍数×20)。皮肤镜检查PP显示弥漫性斑点状血管(黑色箭头),白色鳞片,背景为浅红色(B);相反,PRP显示簇状斑点状血管(黑色箭头),白色鳞片,背景为黄红色(D)。

 

文献来源: Abdel-Azim NE,  Ismail SA,  Fathy E,Differentiation of pityriasis rubra pilaris from plaque psoriasis by dermoscopy.Arch Dermatol Res 2017 May;309(4) 

 

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