孩子得了肛周脓肿还能接种疫苗吗?

2020-10-31 上海疾控 上海疾控

肛周脓肿在婴幼儿中发病率挺高的,今天的疫苗接种小课堂,疾控君就来给大家科普下这个疾病的原因、危害与接种疫苗的必要性吧--关于肛周脓肿患儿如何接种疫苗。

肛周脓肿在婴幼儿中发病率挺高的,今天的疫苗接种小课堂,疾控君就来给大家科普下这个疾病的原因、危害与接种疫苗的必要性吧--关于肛周脓肿患儿如何接种疫苗。

什么是肛周脓肿?

肛周脓肿指肛门直肠周围软组织感染所形成的化脓性疾病。肛周脓肿多由细菌感染引起,常见于小月龄婴儿,绝大多数为男性。

为什么肛周脓肿会有这样的发病年龄与患儿性别特点?
这是由于小月龄婴儿的大便不成形,粪便对直肠肛管及肛周皮肤的侵蚀;加上直肠肛管部位分泌性的IgA和IgM含量少,局部免疫力低下;且男孩一过性雄激素分泌增高,使肛门腺分泌增多,腺管易阻塞,深层的覆盖上皮组织的隐窝加深,导致粪便易于潴留。

肛周脓肿有什么样的表现?

肛周脓肿初始变现为肛周红肿、硬结,触痛明显,一般3-7天即可化脓,脓肿常自行破溃形成肛瘘。该病病情易反复。复发性肛周脓肿为肛瘘再感染,易形成新的肛瘘。

01肛周脓肿患儿是否有必要接种疫苗?

适龄儿童接种疫苗可以预防疫苗针对疾病的发生或减少疾病罹患后的危害。对于肛周脓肿患儿来说,不接种疫苗必然会受到相关疾病的患病威胁。不过,反复的肛周脓肿和瘘管形成与感染、遗传、体液免疫和细胞免疫有关,部分患者存在自身免疫性中性粒细胞减少。
如果肛周脓肿患者伴有免疫功能缺陷,需慎重接种减毒活疫苗。
国内外相关流行病学资料显示,肛周脓肿是接种口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(即OPV)后发生疫苗相关麻痹性脊髓灰质炎(VAPP)的高危因素之一。

02对于肛周脓肿患儿的疫苗接种建议是什么?

肛周脓肿患儿可以按免疫程序接种疫苗;脊灰疫苗基础免疫使用灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗(即IPV),痊愈后加强免疫可接种IPV或OPV。上海市自2020年10月1日起已调整脊灰疫苗接种程序,全程使用IPV。如需使用其他口服途径的减毒活疫苗,请遵循接种医生的建议。

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    2020-11-02 hunizi009
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