Hypertension:神奇的螺旋藻!科学家证实螺旋藻的消化产物可以促进血管舒张,降低血压

2019-01-17 奇点糕 奇点网

意大利科学家Carmine Vecchione带领的团队揭示了一种日渐风靡的”超级食品”——螺旋藻降血压的分子机制。

意大利科学家Carmine Vecchione带领的团队揭示了一种日渐风靡的”超级食品”——螺旋藻降血压的分子机制。

研究发现,这种降血压的功能来自于螺旋藻被消化后产生的一种短肽——SP6。这个SP6能够刺激内皮细胞释放信号分子NO,NO能介导血管的舒张,起到降血压的作用。这项研究成果发表在著名医学期刊Hypertension上。

Carmine Vecchione教授(左)

这里需要提醒大家的是,我们看到各种广告里吹嘘螺旋藻有很多神奇的功能,比如“一克螺旋藻的营养价值等于一千克蔬菜和水果的营养总和”,这种吹得漫无边际的广告绝对是假的,千万不要相信。

不同的食物所提供的营养物质不一样,分别满足人体对各种不同营养物质的需求,没有什么食物是仙丹,平衡饮食才是合理的选择。

不过虽然没有吹得那么神乎其技,但螺旋藻确实有它的优点。

螺旋藻这类食物之所以流行起来,是因为人们发现它含有一些比较特殊的生物活性物质,能改善因长期不良生活和饮食习惯引起的慢性病,其中就包括对健康威胁最大的血管疾病。

之前有研究指出,螺旋藻能够改善心血管疾病,这种功能可能来自于其被肠道消化后留下的短肽。不过,由于氨基酸组成的肽链序列千变万化,人们并不清楚是到底是哪一种短肽在发挥作用。

Carmine Vecchione博士决定一探究竟,寻找到这个能够守护人体健康的小分子。

Carmine团队构建了一个体外的人体肠道消化(GID)模型,用来模拟螺旋藻在人体中的消化环境。当将螺旋藻消化完后,研究人员在小鼠模型中试验了这些消化产物的作用。证实螺旋藻确实具有舒张血管、降低血压的功能,并且所用螺旋藻消化物的剂量越大,效果越好。

体外GID模型

当研究人员将小鼠血管的内皮细胞移除后,这种效果就不存在了。这说明,螺旋藻消化物可能就是通过靶向血管内皮细胞,来实现血管舒张的。而且,当研究人员用一种小分子抑制剂抑制内皮细胞一氧化氮(NO)合酶(eNOS)时,螺旋藻消化物的血管舒张功能同样被阻断了。

他们用液相色谱和质谱技术对消化物里的肽段序列进行了分析,最终发现螺旋藻消化产物中起作用的肽段,将它命名为SP6。

当单独用SP6进行实验时,发现只需要SP6便能代替螺旋藻消化物完成降血压的作用。研究人员给患高血压的小鼠口服10mg/kg剂量的SP6,发现在4-8小时后便能大幅降低小鼠的收缩压。通过血液动力学的实验也证明了这一点,口服SP6 4小时后,肠系膜动脉的血压有明显的降低。

并且,服用的SP6越多,降压效果越好。

SP6降压效果明显

而当将内皮细胞NO合酶(eNOS)敲除后,SP6便不能起作用了,表明SP6的降血压功能与NO的代谢有关系。

随后,研究人员通过小分子抑制剂阻断了几条与eNOS上游的几条信号通路,发现当PI3K/AKT通路被阻断时,SP6也无法发挥功能了。而当给小鼠服用SP6后,通过Western检测证实肠系膜动脉中PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路被激活了,进而增加了NO的释放。

NO可是人体的一个明星分子,它能向细胞传递特定的生物信号,控制血管的舒张和扩展,控制血流。NO这个功能的发现在人类心血管疾病的治疗中发挥了重要作用,而发现人Louis Ignarro博士也被授予了1998年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

本研究从分子层面上明确证实,螺旋藻在胃肠道被消化后,产生的多肽SP6能激活PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路,增加NO的产生和释放,进而能起到调节血管舒张的功能。

SP6发挥作用的分子机制

本文作者指出,人体NO代谢的失调与心血管疾病息息相关。考虑到SP6来源于食物,在可及性和安全性上都有无与伦比的优势,因而对于心血管疾病的预防具有重要意义。

当然,作者也表示这项研究还有一些局限,考虑到SP6在动物体内受代谢和排泄的影响,10mg/kg可能并不是一个最优的剂量,还需要进一步探索和优化。

高血压严重威胁着人们的健康,而高血压很多情况下是由不良的生活习惯造成的,包括食用过多的盐、超重、吸烟、喝酒等。因而,调整生活习惯是治疗高血压、降低心血管疾病风险的重要手段。当然,在必要时还得服用降压药。

对于现代人来说,大家都要为了生活奔波劳累,有时候生活习惯很难调整过来,本文的研究或许能为我们提供另外一种选择。

不过,在此之前大家要保管好自己的钱包,不要被保健品贩子骗了去。

原始出处:Albino Carrizzo , Giulio Maria Conte , Eduardo Sommella , et al. Novel Potent Decameric Peptide of Spirulina platensis Reduces Blood Pressure Levels Through a PI3K/AKT/eNOS-Dependent Mechanism. Hypertension. 31 Dec 2018

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