Biochem Pharmacol:大部分的减肥药物可以强烈的影响其他药物的疗效

2013-05-06 勤快的认识 互联网

美国罗德岛州大学的研究者已经发现,被人们所熟知商品名为赛尼可和阿莱的减肥药奥利斯特,能抑制一种酶,那可能引起肝脏和肾脏等内脏器官严重毒性。另外这种抑制作用是不可逆的,在低浓度时该药物即能发挥抑制作用。 美国国立卫生研究所资助的YanBingfang教授的研究也显示,该药物能改变其他药物的药效,尤其是限制一些抗癌药的疗效。 这项研究的部分结果将发表在《生化药理学》杂志上,今天该杂志将在其网页上刊

美国罗德岛州大学的研究者已经发现,被人们所熟知商品名为赛尼可和阿莱的减肥药奥利斯特,能抑制一种酶,那可能引起肝脏和肾脏等内脏器官严重毒性。另外这种抑制作用是不可逆的,在低浓度时该药物即能发挥抑制作用。

美国国立卫生研究所资助的YanBingfang教授的研究也显示,该药物能改变其他药物的药效,尤其是限制一些抗癌药的疗效。

这项研究的部分结果将发表在《生化药理学》杂志上,今天该杂志将在其网页上刊登该文章。Yan教授也提醒了美国食品与药物管理局注意他的发现。

Yan教授说,奥利斯特最初于1999年作为处方药“赛尼可”被FDA批准上市,2007作为非处方药“阿莱”批准上市。十多年了它是治疗肥胖最常用的药物。

“正由于该药不需处方即可得到,使用该药的病人出现了毒性的急剧增长。”Yan教授说。“它涉及到严重的肝功能衰竭,急性胰腺衰竭和急性肾功能衰竭。”

Yan教授说,奥利斯特在肠道内通过阻止身体吸收脂肪而发挥作用。一般认为,奥利斯特存在于肠道内而不被吸收。

“然而据报道奥利斯特能被吸收,一旦被吸收内脏器官如肝、肾肯定会暴露于奥利斯特。”Yan教授说。

这项研究表明奥利斯特是一种强效的羧酸酯酶-2抑制剂,而羧酸酯酶-2是一种肝脏、肾脏和胃肠道的解毒酶。“当那些内脏器官中的羧酸酯酶-2失活时,毒性就会增加和一些药物的药效就会改变。”Yan教授说。

这种酶能代谢很多种药物,包括阿司匹林、抗癌药伊立替康、恶唑烷的对氨基苄基-氨基甲酸酯的戊基氨基甲酸酯。

“这项研究表明奥利斯特能很大程度的改变抗癌药的治疗潜能。”Yan教授说。“就抗癌药而言,奥利斯特能减弱它们的疗效。”

奥利斯特先于使用或与一种抗癌药共同使用,都会导致癌细胞生长更旺盛。

“基于阿莱的交互作用可能是药物疗效的关键因素。”Yan教授说。

Yan教授对于阿莱对阿司匹林的作用以及其血液稀释剂的作用很有兴趣。阿司匹林也被用于治疗血栓,严教授预测,“奥利斯特将会促进阿司匹林的治疗效能,那也许会增加出血倾向。”

这不是Yan教授第一次在研究中发现关键药物的相互作用。

在2006年,他发现在病人服过抗血栓药氯吡格雷后,抗病毒药物达菲将会失效。他的发现使服用这两种药物的病人采用了新的剂量方案。

减肥相关的拓展阅读:

Carboxylesterase-2 is a highly sensitive target of the antiobesity agent orlistat with profound implications in the activation of anticancer prodrugs.
Abstract
Orlistat has been the most used anti-obesity drug and the mechanism of its action is to reduce lipid absorption by inhibiting gastrointestinal lipases. These enzymes, like carboxylesterases (CESs), structurally belong to the α/β hydrolase fold superfamily. Lipases and CESs are functionally related as well. Some CESs (e.g., human CES1) have been shown to hydrolyze lipids. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that orlistat inhibits CESs with higher potency toward CES1 than CES2, a carboxylesterase with little lipase activity. Liver microsomes and recombinant CESs were tested for the inhibition of the hydrolysis of standard substrates and the anticancer prodrugs pentyl carbamate of p-aminobenzyl carbamate of doxazolidine (PPD) and irinotecan. Contrary to the hypothesis, orlistat at 1 nM inhibited CES2 activity by 75% but no inhibition on CES1, placing CES2 one of the most sensitive targets of orlistat. The inhibition varied among some CES2 polymorphic variants. Pretreatment with orlistat reduced the cell killing activity of PPD. Certain mouse but not rat CESs were also highly sensitive. CES2 is responsible for the hydrolysis of many common drugs and abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal track and liver. Inhibition of this carboxylesterase probably presents a major source for altered therapeutic activity of these medicines if co-administered with orlistat. In addition, orlistat has been linked to various types of organ toxicities, and this study provides an alternative target potentially involved in these toxicological responses.

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    2013-09-26 yb6560
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    2013-11-24 仁医06
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    2013-06-13 jj000001
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