Alzheimers Dementia:巴西的全国痴呆风险如何,对中国有何启示?

2021-08-14 Freeman MedSci原创

其他国家,65岁以下人群的痴呆症发病率更高。

受痴呆症影响的人数预计将每20年翻一番。到2030年,拉丁美洲的老年人口也将增加一倍,超过1.21亿。因此,可以预计拉丁美洲的痴呆症负担已经被报告为高于发达国家,特别是在相对年轻的老年人中,由于这种老年人口的增长,在未来几年将更加严重。


一些国家已经对痴呆症的流行率进行了估计,但在方法和应用的认知工具方面存在很大的差异。然而,在美国和欧洲以外的地区,痴呆症的发病率很少被量化,而在拉丁美洲就更少了,因为存在技术上的障碍,例如对许多有可能患上痴呆症的人进行充分的纵向研究所需的结构和资金。

发达国家的痴呆症发病率,从60至64岁的3.4/1000人年(peason-year)到95岁以上的99.4/1000人年。然而,在发展中国家只有少数关于痴呆症发病率的报告,只有一项研究包括65岁以下的参与者。

发展中国家的估计比率差别很大。65岁及以上人群的痴呆症发病率从印度的每1000人年3.2人到尼日利亚的每1000人年21.85人不等。尽管如此,拉丁美洲仍然缺乏关于痴呆症发病率的信息,特别是在南美洲最大的国家巴西,那里只发表了两项研究。这些研究对于确定世界上痴呆症风险高的地区以及确定该地区与痴呆症风险有关的因素非常重要。

除了年龄、社会经济差异和其他临床情况外,重要的是考虑基线认知状态作为痴呆症发病率的风险因素。主观认知能力下降(SCD)的存在,即自我感觉到认知能力的下降,而不是客观检测到的,似乎会增加痴呆症的发病率。更有甚者,存在轻度认知障碍(MCI)或无痴呆认知障碍(CIND),其特点是认知表现低于年龄和教育水平的预期,但没有功能障碍,也是进展为痴呆的风险因素。

藉此,巴西圣保罗大学的 Karolina G. César-Freitas1等人,探究了巴西的Tremembé市,社区居住的老年人口中痴呆症的发病率。此外,还评估该人群中SCD和CIND/MCI的基线测量与痴呆症发病率的关系。

这项研究是在Tremembé的城市和农村地区进行的。520名基线时没有痴呆症的参与者被邀请参加后续研究。

他们发现,经过5年的中位随访,痴呆症的发病率为26.1/1000人-年(95%置信区间=18.7-36.6/1000PY)。

这一比率随着年龄(60-64岁的人为8.3/1000PY,≥80岁的人为110.2/1000PY)和教育程度的降低而成倍增加(大于8年教育的人为10.5/1000PY,文盲为59.2/1000PY)。

在基线时没有痴呆症但认知障碍者中,有较高的痴呆症风险。

这个研究的重要意义在于,发现了:相对于,其他国家,65岁以下人群的痴呆症发病率更高。在发展中国家,可能由于教育程度低和血管疾病负担重,年轻个体的发病率较高是意料之中的。

因此,在未来的流行病学研究,特别是在中低收入国家的研究,要有良好设计的随访时间和多次评估,避免间隔时间过长。

原文出处:
César-Freitas KG, Suemoto CK, Power MC, Brucki SMD, Nitrini R. Incidence of dementia in a Brazilian population: The Tremembé Epidemiologic Study [published online ahead of print, 2021 Aug 2]. _Alzheimers Dement_. 2021;10.1002/alz.12423. doi:10.1002/alz.12423

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    2022-04-01 anminleiryan
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    2021-08-14 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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