JIAS:多替拉韦钠片抗逆转录病毒疗法在HIV和肺结核合并感染中的实际应用和结果

2022-07-28 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

HIV

在全球范围内,HIV治疗计划正在从非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs) ,如依法韦仑,过渡到多替拉韦钠片,因为它具有更好的疗效和耐受性,以及对HIV耐药性的高遗传屏障。

背景:多替拉韦钠片是一种整合酶链转移抑制剂(InSTI),被推荐作为HIV感染者首选抗逆转录病毒治疗(art)方案的一部分(PWH)。在全球范围内,HIV治疗计划正在从非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs) ,如依法韦仑,过渡到多替拉韦钠片,因为它具有更好的疗效和耐受性,以及对HIV耐药性的高遗传屏障。多替拉韦钠片的建议还包括合并结核病感染的患者。结核病是全球PWH发病率和死亡率的主要原因,2019年影响了约815000名PWH人,其中超过70%的人在撒哈拉以南非洲。

对于结核病合并感染的患者,多替拉韦钠片的使用因与利福平的药物相互作用而变得复杂,这是对药物敏感的结核病的标准6个月治疗方案的一部分。利福平诱导UDP葡糖醛酸转移酶1A1 (UGT1A1)和细胞色素P450 3A4的表达,导致多替拉韦钠片代谢增加,随后血浆浓度降低。多替拉韦钠片血浆浓度的降低可以通过将多替拉韦钠片剂量从每天一次50 mg增加到每天两次50 mg来克服,并在最后一次利福平给药后维持2周。这种相互作用更复杂的管理是优于依法韦仑的一个缺点,依法韦仑没有与利福平的主要药物相互作用。在对接受利福平治疗的HIV患者进行的国际研究(INSPIRING)试验中,在接受含利福平结核病治疗的PWH患者中,每日两次多替拉韦钠片是安全且耐受性良好的。除本试验外,对结核合并感染患者使用多替拉韦钠片的建议主要是从PWH非结核患者的试验中推断出来的

目的:我们试图(1)描述同时使用多替拉韦钠片和利福平的HIV临床实践,( 2)描述接受多替拉韦钠片的结核合并感染患者的病毒学结果,并与接受依法韦仑的患者进行比较。

方法:在国际流行病学数据库评估艾滋病联盟的四个撒哈拉以南非洲地区,我们进行了一项现场调查(2021)和一项队列研究(2015–2021)。队列研究使用常规临床数据,并包括在结核病诊断时新开始或已经接受多替拉韦钠片或依法韦仑的患者。从结核病诊断到病毒抑制(< 1000拷贝/ml),一个竞争事件(转换ART方案;项目损失/死亡)或12个月的行政审查。

结果:在调查中,18个国家的90个HIV诊所中有86个(96%)报告给正在接受利福平作为结核病治疗一部分的患者开多替拉韦钠片,77个(90%)报告他们使用每日两次剂量的多替拉韦钠片,其中74个(96%)报告有50 mg片剂可用于每日两次剂量。该队列研究包括11个国家的3563名患者,其中67%是新开始或最近开始接受ART的。在接受多替拉韦钠片的患者(n = 465)中,病毒抑制的累积发生率为58.9% (95%可信区间(CI):54.3–63.3%),转换ART方案为4.1%(95% CI:2.6–6.2%),项目损失/死亡为23.4%(95% CI:19.7–27.4%)。与接受依法韦伦治疗的患者相比,接受多替拉韦钠片治疗的患者具有更好的病毒抑制作用,这些患者在多替拉韦钠片治疗前(调整后的亚分布风险比[aSHR]: 1.47,95% CI:1.28–1.68)和多替拉韦钠片治疗后(aSHR:1.28,95% CI:1.08–1.51)被诊断为结核病。

表1 dolutegravir和依法韦仑暴露组12个月随访期间病毒抑制和竞争事件的粗累积发生率

图1 结核病诊断后12个月内病毒抑制的粗累积发生率,按暴露组在(a)整个样本和(b)结核病诊断后12个月内确定病毒载量的患者中分层。缩写:CEFV,同期依法韦伦;DTG、多鲁特格拉维尔;EFV,历史efavirenz。横轴代表结核病诊断后至12个月的随访月数。纵轴代表随访期间每月病毒抑制(病毒载量< 1000拷贝/ml)患者的粗略累积发病率比例。左图(a)包括整个样本(n = 3563 ),不考虑病毒载量测试,右图(b)包括在结核病诊断后12个月内确定了病毒载量的患者亚组(n = 2079)。在图中,实线代表DTG集团,虚线代表C-EFV集团,虚线代表H-EFV集团。在有结果的患者中,病毒抑制前的中位(四分位数范围)月数在DTG组为6.1(4.9-7.5),在EFV组为6.1(4.2-7.6),在EFV组为6.1(3.9-8.0)。

表2 dolutegravir和依法韦仑暴露组12个月随访期间亚组病毒抑制的粗累积发生率

表3 12个月随访期间dolutegravir组和依法韦仑组与病毒抑制之间关联的风险回归模型

结论:在规划水平上,多替拉韦钠片在撒哈拉以南非洲被广泛用于HIV和肺结核合并感染的患者,并根据利福平的药物相互作用进行剂量调整。尽管这种方案更复杂,我们的队列研究显示多替拉韦钠片对病毒抑制没有负面影响。

原文出处:Romo ML,  Brazier E,  Mahambou-Nsondé D,et al.Real-world use and outcomes of dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy in HIV and tuberculosis co-infection: a site survey and cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa.J Int AIDS Soc 2022 Jul;25(7)

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    2022-09-25 mjldent
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    2023-04-24 hxj0117
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    2022-07-29 lujian
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