STEM CELLS：间充质干细胞移植促进青光眼的组织再生

加拿大 Renaud Manuguerra-GagnÉ 等学者日前公布关于干细胞治疗青光眼的最新研究成果：在青光眼模型中移植入间充质干细胞，通过激光诱发的旁分泌因子分泌和祖细胞增殖可以促进青光眼的组织再生。该论文发表在学术期刊《干细胞》5月22日一期的再生医学版块。

骨髓细胞中的造血和间充质成分有助于受损器官的修复，因此常用于急性病的治疗，但很少用于慢性病的治疗。Renaud等人尝试用间充质干细胞治疗慢性青光眼。在研究中，他们用激光诱发了一个开角型青光眼模型，去评估骨髓细胞的治疗潜能和组织修复的机制；然后用激光诱发的方式将效应细胞导入受损组织，研究激光诱发的效果。

实验显示：骨髓中的间充质干细胞诱发小梁网细胞的再生，注射进眼前房比造血细胞更能有效引起眼内压(IOP)下降(p < .001)。此外，间充质干细胞和它们分泌的因子诱发睫状体中祖细胞池再活化，促进细胞增殖。激光诱发的组织重构将间充质干细胞按照预定目标导入受损区域，并使眼祖细胞也有一定的增加。

因此，Renaud等人的这项试验可以确定间充质干细胞及其分泌组分是开角型青光眼通过局部神经祖细胞进行组织修复的关键介质。此外，也证实慢性病的干细胞治疗中，激光疗法代表一个颇具吸引力的治疗策略。

Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Tissue Regeneration in a Glaucoma Model Through Laser-Induced Paracrine Factor Secretion and Progenitor Cell Recruitment
Abstract
Among bone marrow cells, hematopoietic and mesenchymal components can contribute to repair damaged organs. Such cells are usually used in acute diseases but few options are available for the treatment of chronic disorders. In this study, we have used a laser-induced model of open angle glaucoma (OAG) to evaluate the potential of bone marrow cell populations and the mechanisms involved in tissue repair. In addition, we investigated laser-induced tissue remodeling as a method of targeting effector cells into damaged tissues. We demonstrate that among bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induce trabecular meshwork regeneration. MSC injection into the ocular anterior chamber leads to far more efficient decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) (p < .001) and healing than hematopoietic cells. This robust effect was attributable to paracrine factors from stressed MSC, as injection of conditioned medium from MSC exposed to low but not to normal oxygen levels resulted in an immediate decrease in IOP. Moreover, MSC and their secreted factors induced reactivation of a progenitor cell pool found in the ciliary body and increased cellular proliferation. Proliferating cells were observed within the chamber angle for at least 1 month. Laser-induced remodeling was able to target MSC to damaged areas with ensuing specific increases in ocular progenitor cells. Thus, our results identify MSC and their secretum as crucial mediators of tissue repair in OAG through reactivation of local neural progenitors. In addition, laser treatment could represent an appealing strategy to promote MSC-mediated progenitor cell recruitment and tissue repair in chronic diseases. STEM Cells 2013;31:1136–1148