JAMA子刊:老龄化社会一大问题——如何健康的老去?来看看超长链饱和脂肪酸水平的提示作用

2021-08-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

随着预期寿命的延长,全世界的老年人口正在迅速增长。

随着预期寿命的延长,全世界的老年人口正在迅速增长。然而,寿命的延长并不一定转化为健康寿命的增加,因为老年人的血管疾病和其他慢性疾病的发生率很高。

循环中的超长链饱和脂肪酸(VLSFAs),即20个碳原子以上的饱和脂肪酸水平较高,是饮食和代谢的综合生物标志物,与心力衰竭、心房颤动和糖尿病这些导致不健康老化的慢性疾病的风险较低有关,而且心脏骤停和总死亡率较低。这些广泛的有益联系使我们假设,较高的VLSFAs循环水平可能与健康老龄化的更大可能性有广泛联系。

鉴别能防止与年龄有关的疾病和促进健康老龄化的新因素,对公共健康至关重要。循环VLSFAs的较高水平是饮食和代谢的综合生物标志物,被证明与心血管疾病和总死亡率有好处,但它们是否与整体健康老化有关尚不清楚。

为了研究3种VLSFAs的循环水平与不健康的老龄化事件的关系,包括发生慢性疾病(心血管疾病、癌症、肺部疾病或严重的肾脏疾病)、身体机能障碍和认知能力下降,来自美国华盛顿大学心脏研究中心的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在JAMA Network Open杂志上。

这项队列研究使用了1992年至2014年心血管健康研究(CHS)的数据。CHS是一项多中心、基于人群的老年人心血管疾病研究。在具有可用脂肪酸数据的4559名CHS参与者中,排除了1879名在第一次测量前有年龄相关事件的参与者。数据分析是在2020年进行的。

血浆磷脂VLSFA水平是通过薄层色谱法和气相色谱法测量的。主要结果是与血浆花生酸、山萮酸和木脂酸的系列测量有关的不健康老化事件的危险比(HR)。

在2680名研究参与者中(976名男性[36.4%]),入选时平均(SD)年龄为74.7(4.8)岁。在中位数(四分位数)6.4(2.9-12.9)年的随访期间,2484名参与者经历了不健康的事件。与最低的五分位数相比,在调整了人口统计学特征、生活方式因素和临床状况后,脂肪酸分布的最高五分位数的山萮酸水平与不健康事件风险降低15%有关(HR=0.85;95% CI,0.74-0.97)。在类似的比较中,木质酸的水平同样与不健康事件的风险降低16%有关(HR=0.84;95% CI,0.73-0.95)。

血浆磷脂中长链饱和脂肪酸水平与衰老的关系

此外,每种血浆磷脂VLSFA与不健康老化的关联并不因年龄、性别和BMI而有所不同。糖尿病与花生酸和山萮酸的水平之间存在明显的交互作用。同时还观察到花生酸和山萮酸与无糖尿病参与者的不健康老龄化风险的关联。

这些发现表明,较高的循环山嵛酸和木质酸水平与较低的不健康老化事件风险有关。这些结果突出表明,需要探索循环VLSFAs的决定因素,以促进健康老龄化。

 

参考文献:

Bockus LB, Biggs ML, Lai HTM, et al. Assessment of Plasma Phospholipid Very-Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acid Levels and Healthy Aging. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120616. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20616

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研究背景: 尽管普遍认为体重过重会增加心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的风险,但医务工作者仍然缺乏一个有意义的临床度量标准。我们预计体重的增加将导致糖尿病和心血管疾病相关的质量调整寿命年的减少和寿命损失年的增加。 研究方法: 我们开发了一种疾病刺激模型来评估糖尿病和心血管疾病的年风险情况,并且将BMI处在25-25-<30 kg/m2 (超重), 30-<35 kg/m2 (