过敏原皮肤点刺试验的专家共识

2020-10-10 北京医学会 北京医学.2020.42(10):1-20.

皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test, SPT)因简单方便、快速灵敏、价格便宜,已成为临床上最常用的过敏原检测方法,至今国内外没有统一的、标准化的SPT操作流程。为此,制定标准化的SPT非常必

中文标题:

过敏原皮肤点刺试验的专家共识

发布机构:

北京医学会

发布日期:

2020-10-10

简要介绍:

皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test, SPT)因简单方便、快速灵敏、价格便宜,已成为临床上最常用的过敏原检测方法,至今国内外没有统一的、标准化的SPT操作流程。为此,制定标准化的SPT非常必要。SPT通常在单侧或双侧前臂进行,可分2 d或多天实施,也可在背部进行;抗组胺药物等对SPT有影响,进行SPT之前必须停用3 ~ 7 d;如果不能确定药物是否影响SPT结果,可采用组胺阳性对照来验证;组胺阳性对照的最佳浓度是10 mg/ml,也可用两种浓度的组胺验证SPT阳性反应是否成比例;金属单头点刺针的SPT结果非常可靠,塑料多头点刺针对儿童可能有较好的意义;风团>3 mm是SPT阳性反应的标准,红晕可做为参考;随时观察SPT后15 ~ 20 min内的反应,少数人也可出现迟发反应,应随时就医;SPT严重不良反应很少见,但应做好预防和急救;最常见的8种吸入过敏原可涵盖95% ~ 99%的过敏患者,11种食物过敏原可以涵盖95%的过敏患者;吸入性过敏原SPT结果的特异度较食物过敏原更高;可用SPT评价抗组胺药的疗效;老年人SPT灵敏度和特异度低于儿童和青壮年;SPT不能作为过敏原特异性免疫治疗(allergen immuotherapy, AIT)的疗效指标,但可采用SPT进行终点滴定法确定AIT中断治疗后再次开始治疗的起始浓度,或在不同AIT产品间进行转换;如果SPT阴性,则建议查血清特异性IgE(specific IgE, sIgE)甚至局部sIgE或激发试验;SPT点刺液、结果解读、新鲜过敏原点刺液、药物过敏原点刺液、SPT操作的标准化非常重要,SPT操作人员应接受岗前培训,获得资质后持证上岗,严格掌握SPT适应证和禁忌证,在皮肤划痕症阳性患者容易出现假阳性,严重过敏期间不宜进行SPT,以免发生严重不良反应;SPT仍有许多方面需要深入研究。

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    2021-08-21 Drfaith

    学习了,很有帮助😊😊谢谢

    0

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    2021-04-19 377636243

    可以

    0

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    2021-03-17 ms5000001146316601

    谢谢分享

    0

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    2021-03-17 ms5000001146316601

    受益匪浅

    0

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    2021-03-17 146ad21am24暂无昵称

    非常期待更多关于变态反应好文章,供同行学习

    0

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