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统计检验、P 值、置信区间和功效：误解指南

2021-10-01 Eur J Epidemiol . 2016 Apr;31(4):337-50.

统计

数十年来，对统计检验、置信区间和统计能力的误解和滥用一直受到谴责，但仍然猖獗。一个关键问题是，对这些概念没有简单、直观、正确和万无一失的解释。相反，正确使用和解释这些统计数据需要注意细节，这似乎会消耗

中文标题：

统计检验、P 值、置信区间和功效：误解指南

英文标题：

Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations

发布机构：

发布日期：

2021-10-01

简要介绍：

数十年来，对统计检验、置信区间和统计能力的误解和滥用一直受到谴责，但仍然猖獗。一个关键问题是，对这些概念没有简单、直观、正确和万无一失的解释。相反，正确使用和解释这些统计数据需要注意细节，这似乎会消耗工作科学家的耐心。这种高认知需求导致了一种简单的定义和解释的流行，这些定义和解释完全是错误的，有时甚至是灾难性的，但这些误解在大部分科学文献中占主导地位。鉴于此问题，我们提供了对基本统计数据的定义和讨论，这些统计数据比传统介绍性论述中的典型统计数据更普遍和更具批判性。我们的目标是为统计理论和技术知识可能有限但希望避免和发现误解的统计学教师、研究人员和消费者提供资源。我们强调，即使声明的测试假设是正确的，违反经常未说明的分析协议（例如根据它们产生的 P 值选择用于演示的分析）如何导致 P 值小，即使该假设是正确的，也可能导致大 P 值是不正确的。然后，我们提供了对 P 值、置信区间和功效的 25 种误解的解释性列表。我们总结了改进统计解释和报告的指南。

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    2022-08-28 ms9000001839830359

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    2021-12-21 一己怀

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    2021-10-22 ms2000001291440427

    感谢

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    2021-10-21 妮妮029

    感谢分享

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    2021-10-21 ms3000001188646769

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