EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Manuscript Submission | Manuscript Preparation |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY publishes about 15% of all submitted manuscripts. Manuscripts are accepted based on research quality, originality, significance, writing and presentation quality, and interest to the readers of EPIDEMIOLOGY. The editors decline about three-quarters of submissions within a week of receipt; corresponding authors are notified promptly by e-mail. The rest are sent for double-blind peer review. All original articles and brief reports published in the journal are subject to peer review by at least two independent external peer reviewers, as well as by the editors. All research letters published in the journal are subject to peer review by at least one independent external peer reviewer, as well as by the editors. Median time to first decision for reviewed manuscripts is 32 days, with 90% receiving a first decision within eight weeks. Expedited review and publication are possible for time-sensitive papers.

We do not consider pre-submission inquiries, because we can best evaluate your paper when we see the entire manuscript (see editorial).

Published papers are eligible for the annual Rothman EPIDEMIOLOGY Prize, which includes an award of $5000.

Original Research Articles (1500 to 4000 words): Research articles should begin with a short introduction (background and reason for undertaking the work), followed by Methods, Results, and Discussion. Authors may wish to consult STROBE for guidance on the presentation of original epidemiologic research (see editorial). Papers on methodology are not required to follow this structure. EPIDEMIOLOGY welcomes papers that present precisely measured persuasively null results for which either prior data or a compelling rationale exists for a non-null effect (see editorial).

Brief Reports (up to 1500 words): We encourage brief reports of research results or methodological developments that can be presented succinctly. Brief reports should follow the content and structure of original research articles.

Validation Studies (2000 words):  Validation studies should follow the outline for an Original Research Article and should provide estimates to inform bias analyses or otherwise be of use in epidemiologic research (see editorial). Examples include estimates of measurement error for continuous variables, classification parameters for discrete variables (sensitivity, specificity, or positive and negative predictive values), strengths of association to inform analyses of an unmeasured confounder, or participation proportions within combinations of exposures and outcomes. The validation study should be designed and the results presented to optimize their utility in other similar settings.

Review Articles and Meta-analyses (up to 5000 words): We welcome review articles and meta-analyses on topics that are ripe for review and for which no high-quality review has recently been published. We prefer reviews written by authors who have published original research in the topic area, reviews that summarize the evidence quantitatively, and reviews that evaluate sources of heterogeneity or other nuances in the evidence base. These should be written for a general epidemiologic audience. Authors may wish to consult PRISMA or other published guidelines for the conduct and presentation of meta-analyses.

Commentaries (up to 2000 words): Commentaries may address any topic of interest to the epidemiologic community, including the implications of specific findings for public health policy or descriptions of novel hypotheses with strong plausibility. The editors occasionally invite commentaries on selected papers without consulting the authors; authors who wish to respond are free to do so through a letter to the editor.

Letters (up to 400 words, 4 references): Letters allow authors to submit critical responses to published papers. Letters are published only online, but will be listed in the corresponding issue's table of contents and indexed in PubMed.

Research Letters (up to 600 words, 1 table or figure, 8 references): Research letters allow authors to present original data in a succinct format. Like Original Research Articles or Brief Reports, these manuscripts are subject to peer review. Letters are published only online, where they are available for free. They will be listed in the table of contents of an issue and indexed in PubMed.

Remembrances (up to 400 words, with photograph): The journal publishes brief memorials in honor of recently deceased epidemiologists. These should be signed, without references, and include a distilled combination of essential information (full name, dates of birth and death, main institutional affiliations and accomplishments) and personal memories (see an example).

Essential Conditions

Author Responsibility: All submitted manuscripts must be original contributions. Manuscripts containing original material are accepted for consideration if neither the article nor any part of its essential substance, tables, or figures has been or will be published or submitted elsewhere before appearing in EPIDEMIOLOGY (in part or in full, in other words or in the same words, in English or in another language), and will not be submitted elsewhere unless rejected by the Journal or withdrawn by the author. This restriction is exclusive of abstracts of the Work submitted for presentation to learned societies and scholarly forums. Authors must include any closely related manuscripts (published, In Press, or under review) as part of the online submission. Results from related manuscripts should be discussed in the submitted manuscript, providing readers with a synthesis of findings (see editorial).

Simultaneous submission of the same article to multiple journals is prohibited. If an author violates this requirement or engages in similar misconduct, the editors of EPIDEMIOLOGY may reject the manuscript and impose a moratorium on acceptance of new manuscripts from the corresponding author. If it deems the misconduct sufficiently serious, the editors can refer the matter for investigation to the author's academic institution or hospital or to the appropriate state or local disciplinary body. A letter of permission is required for inclusion of material that has been published previously or is "In Press" by another journal. It is the responsibility of the author to request permission from the publisher for any material that is being reproduced. This requirement applies to text, illustrations, and tables. These permissions must be supplied to EPIDEMIOLOGY upon submission of the article, along with ample acknowledgement of the original source of the materials in the legend, text, and bibliography. Any fee associated with permission to reuse previously published material is the responsibility of the author of the manuscript. If an author submits an article to EPIDEMIOLOGY that contains material to which he or she holds the copyright (figures, material from articles published on open-access or e-journals, and so on), he or she needs to clearly indicate that he or she holds the copyright and provide EPIDEMIOLOGY with written permission to use the previously copyrighted material.

Plagiarism is when an author passes off the work of someone else as his or her own. This definition can also include self-plagiarism, which happens when an author reuses portions of his or her previously published work without proper references. If any part of a manuscript is copied directly from another paper (even a paper by the same authors), set that text in quotation marks and provide the reference (including the page number of the quotation). The Editorial Office checks manuscripts for duplication with published papers. Manuscripts containing plagiarized content will not be considered for publication in EPIDEMIOLOGY. If EPIDEMIOLOGY learns of a case of plagiarism after publication, the editors and publisher will conduct an investigation. If plagiarism is found, the author, the author's institution and funding agencies, and the journal of the original publication may be notified. A statement noting the plagiarism, providing a reference to the plagiarized material, and linking to the original to the original paper may follow. Depending on the extent of the plagiarism, the paper may also be formally retracted.

Authors who use Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in the writing of a manuscript, production of images or graphical elements of the paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, must be transparent in disclosing in the Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper how the AI tool was used and which tool was used. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of publication ethics.

Each author must qualify for authorship per the criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

Correction and Retraction Policy: EPIDEMIOLOGY takes responsibility to correct errors that materially affect the results or interpretation of papers it has published. Content that is published in an issue is considered the final published record and must be preserved; therefore, all changes to articles must be made as a formal erratum. Errata will be published online and in the next available issue and will be bi-directionally linked to the original article. These errata will then be indexed by Ovid and transmitted to indexing services and other aggregating databases. Errata will be reviewed by the editors and considered if they affect the final published record, the scientific integrity of the paper, the reputation of the authors, or the reputation of EPIDEMIOLOGY. Corrections that do not materially affect the paper may not be approved (e.g., a spelling error). We prefer that differences in views about the validity or interpretation of research results be submitted as letters to the editor, which allows for the original authors to reply. We limit these exchanges only when the editors view them to have reached a point of diminishing return. When the erratum process or letters to the editor process fail to achieve the goal of correcting a materially important error in the publication record, requests for retractions will be considered if results are invalid or ethical guidelines have been violated (e.g., cases of plagiarism or ghostwriting). When these are submitted by the original authors, all coauthors must sign a request for retraction detailing the error and how the conclusions were affected. Requests for retraction may also be submitted by a third party, preferably only after corresponding with the paper's corresponding author. Decisions about retractions are made by the Editor-in-Chief or designee if the Editor-in-Chief is in conflict. Author consultation may be required when requests for retraction are submitted by a third party. When authors disagree amongst themselves about an erratum or retraction, or disagree with a request for retraction submitted by a third party, the editors may consult with independent external peer-reviewers before applying an appropriate action. The dissenting author(s) position will be noted on the erratum or notice of retraction if that is the decided course of action.

Conflicts of interest: Authors must state all possible conflicts of interest on the title page, including financial, consultant, institutional and other relationships that might lead to bias or a conflict of interest. If there is no conflict of interest, this should also be explicitly stated as "none declared." All relevant conflicts of interest should be included on the title page of the manuscript with the heading "Conflicts of Interest." They should also be reported on the Copyright Transfer Form (see below), which includes a section on the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest based on the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (www.icmje.org/update.html).

Sources of funding: All relevant sources of funding should be included on the title page of the manuscript with the heading "Source of Funding." Enter "none" if the work was completed without specific funding support. If the result reported in the submission corresponds directly to the specific aims of a source (or sources) of funding, then describe that source of funding as: "The results reported herein correspond to specific aims of grant (or other source of support) XXX to investigator YYY from ZZZ", where XXX is a grant or project number, YYY is the Principal Investigator of the grant or project, and ZZZ is the funding agency. Describe all other sources of support as: "This work was (also) supported by grant(s) (or other source of support) XXX from ZZZ", where '(also)' is inserted only if the listed support is in addition to support corresponding directly to a specific aim, XXX is a grant or project number, and ZZZ is a funding agency. Additional sources of support should be added serially (e.g., grants XXX1 from ZZZ1, XXX2 from ZZZ2, and XXX3 from ZZZ3." Sources of support can include general salary support, which may not have a grant or project number. Grant or project numbers should be provided in a format that allows interested parties to find the grant in publicly available databases provided by many funding agencies.

Copyright Transfer: Before a paper can be published, each author must complete and submit the Author Responsibility, Disclosure, and Copyright Transfer Form, also referred to simply as the Copyright Transfer Form. The Copyright Transfer Form is completed within Editorial Manager by the corresponding author during the Additional Information submission step. The corresponding author should add co-authors during the Add/Edit/Remove Authors submission step. Upon resubmission, the co-authors of the submission will be emailed a hyperlink to verify their co-authorship and to complete the Copyright Transfer Form within Editorial Manager. Because 80% of submissions are rejected without review, we only ask for Copyright Transfer Forms from co-authors upon resubmission.

Once a manuscript is accepted, it cannot be published elsewhere in similar form, in whole or in part, in any language, without permission from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Authors can request this permission by clicking on “Permissions Requests” at the top of this Web page. Alternatively, authors can opt for Open Access (see below).

Research Ethics and Informed Consent: It is the authors' responsibility to verify that any study involving human subjects has been approved by the committee on research ethics at the institution where the research was conducted, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. State in the manuscript that such approval was received and, where applicable, that study participants gave informed consent.

Permissions: The use of direct quotations, tables, or illustrations published elsewhere requires written permission from the copyright owner (usually the original publisher) provided to an author, along with full details about the source. Any permissions fees that might be required by the copyright owner are the responsibility of the authors.

Compliance with Research Funding Agency Accessibility Requirements: Several funding agencies request or require authors to submit the post-print version of their article (the version after peer review and acceptance, but not the final published article) to a repository that is accessible online without charge. As a service to our authors, the publisher will notify the National Library of Medicine about articles that require deposit, and will transmit to PubMed Central the post-print version of articles funded in whole or in part by the National Institutes of Health, Research Councils UK and/or Wellcome Trust (see the Open Access section), or the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Authors must provide this funding information on the Copyright Transfer Form to initiate this process. LWW will not be held responsible for retroactive deposits to PubMed Central if the author has not recorded this funding source on the Copyright Transfer Form.

Data and computing code availability: At time of submission, authors will be asked to describe the process by which someone else could obtain the data and computing code required to replicate the results reported in the submission. We prefer that data and computing code be posted to stable online repositories or submitted to the journal as supplemental digital content. This stability assures long-term availability better than an invitation to request data or computing code from the authors. If data or computing code are not available, please write "The [data, computing code, or both] are not available for replication because" and add an explanation for why one or the other is not available. Authors of submissions without original results, such as commentaries or letters, should enter "Not applicable." The answer to this question will not affect the editors' decision about the submission's suitability for publication. If the paper is published, the response to this question will be included in the manuscript footnotes.

Posting to preprint archives: A preprint is an early version of a manuscript that is made available to the public before peer-review by depositing it in one of several internationally recognized preprint servers. A preprint is not considered prior publication of the manuscript. Publication on a preprint server must be disclosed in the cover letter of the submission and included in a section on the title page labeled: "Publication history". Please use the following as an example: "Publication history: This manuscript was previously published in bioRxiv: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/307788125". If the manuscript is published, it is the authors responsibility to update the preprint with a DOI and a link to the final published version of the manuscript.

Manuscript Submission

We provide a Web-based manuscript system for online submission of manuscripts (Editorial Manager). You can follow your paper's progress through the editorial process on the Web site. If you have any problems, contact Epidemiology (e-mail: [email protected]).

Manuscript Preparation

Cover Letter: Although the cover letter should not repeat the main points of the abstract, authors are encouraged to state what they believe to be the main contribution of their paper and the main reasons they have elected to submit the paper for consideration by EPIDEMIOLOGY. The cover letter must state that the paper and the data have not previously been published, either in whole or in part (unless as an abstract), and that no similar paper is in press or under review elsewhere. The cover letter must also state potential conflicts of interest, or state that there is no conflict of interest. The cover letter must list closely related papers by any of the authors that are included with the submission, or state that there is no closely related paper.

Upload the cover letter as a separate file when you submit the manuscript.

Title Page: Include the following details on the title page:

Upload the title page as a separate file when you submit the manuscript.

Style: We prefer text with clear, declarative sentences in the active voice (see “Writing for Epidemiology”). Once a manuscript is accepted, we edit and return it to the author for final approval. All co-authors are responsible for all parts of their paper, including changes made by the manuscript editor and approved by the corresponding author.

Please adhere to the following style and format details:

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

Significance Testing: For estimates of causal effects, we strongly discourage the use of categorized P-values and language referring to statistical significance (see discussion of this topic). We prefer instead interval estimation, which conveys the precision of the estimate with respect to sampling variability. We are more open to testing with respect to modeling decisions, such as for tests of interaction (see editorial) and for tests for trend, and with respect to studies using high-dimensional testing, such as genome-wide association or other genomic platforms.

Reproducibility: The editors encourage authors to provide information that enables other researchers to reproduce their analyses (see editorial). For example, include:

Interactions: We prefer evaluation of interactions between variables as departure from additive effects. Whether evaluated as departure from additive or multiplicative effects, authors who report interactions should present effects of the separate exposures and their joint effects (with confidence intervals)—each relative to the group not exposed to either factor. An equivalent approach is to report the relevant parameters from a regression model (i.e., the individual coefficients for both exposures and their product term) (see editorial).

Validity: We encourage the use of quantitative methods to evaluate the influence of important threats to validity, including missing data, differential selection or loss-to-follow-up, confounding due to an unmeasured potential confounder, or measurement error (see Good Practices paper).

Precision: Avoid an excessive number of decimal places (pseudo-precision). For example, percents should be rounded to nn%, n.n%, or 0.0n% and risk ratios should be rounded to nn, n.n, or 0.nn unless clarity of the presentation and the sample size justify more significant digits (see editorial).

Study participation: Provide detailed information on the number and response proportions at each step in the assembly of the study population and analysis of data (see editorial). Flow charts to depict study enrollment can be very effective in portraying this information.

Instrumental variables: We provide specific guidelines for reporting instrumental variable analyses (see guidelines).

Comparative effectiveness and safety research: Specify the randomized trial that is being emulated (see editorial).

FOR RESEARCHERS FROM LOW RESOURCE COUNTRIES

Resources, including a mentoring program, are available to help researchers in low resource countries publish their work. Consult AuthorAID. Authors of papers on environmental epidemiology can sign up for AuthorAID through a special program of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology.

Researchers from low resource countries can use the World Health Organization's HINARI program for free or low-cost access to the medical and public health literature.

MANUSCRIPT SECTIONS

Abstract: Research articles should have a structured abstract, with headings for Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. The Methods section should identify the study population, study years, and location, if appropriate. Unstructured abstracts are allowed for unstructured papers (e.g., methodology papers). Abstracts are limited to 250 words (150 words for Brief Reports); these do not count as part of the main text word count. Do not include references in abstracts. Use abbreviations sparingly and only in accordance with the instructions above.

Enter the abstract in 2 places: the appropriate box in Editorial Manager and also as the first page of the main text file.

Keywords: After the abstract, list four to eight keywords that capture the main topics addressed by the manuscript. We strongly encourage authors to select keywords from U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (click here for guidance).

Enter the keywords in 2 places: the appropriate box in Editorial Manager and also after the Abstract on the first page of the main text file.

Main Text: Include the following in the main text file: the abstract, the body of the text, tables, figures, figure legends, and reference list.

Discussion: Policy implications of research results are reserved for commentaries, and may not be included in research reports (see editorial). As noted above, Epidemiology prefers quantitative evaluation of threats to validity in the methods, results, and discussion over qualitative descriptions in a list of limitations presented in the Discussion.

Tables: Prepare tables using the “Table” feature of your word processing software. Tables from Excel or other spreadsheet programs should not be used. Double-space tables, and use no lines except horizontal lines in the headings. See any issue of EPIDEMIOLOGY for examples.

Number tables in order of their presentation in text. Give each table a clear title, without repeating details from the text. Explanatory footnotes should be labeled with lower-case letters, in alphabetical order.

Figures: Well-designed figures can enhance papers greatly. Aim for clarity and simplicity, using words and numbers sparingly. Make font sizes larger and lines heavier than the default of most graphics generators in software programs. Show ratio measures (such as odds ratios) on a logarithmic scale. Twenty tips for preparing figures can be found here.

Submit figures exactly as you would like them to appear in print. Figures are typically published as one column width (8.5 cm); prepare them approximately this size. See any issue of EPIDEMIOLOGY for examples.

Number figures in the order they are discussed in the text. For figures with several parts, label each part alphabetically (A, B, etc.) in the upper left corner of the figure. Panel figures should have the same scale for all axes. Color figures are printed at the author's expense, except when the Open Access fee is paid (see Publication Charges).

The instructions below detail the publisher's requirements for production of figures. Authors are not required to adhere to these specifics for initial submissions, but for accepted papers authors will be asked to submit their final figures according to these instructions.

A) Creating Digital Artwork

  1. Learn about the publication requirements for Digital Artwork: http://links.lww.com/ES/A42
  2. Create, scan and save your artwork and compare your final figure to the Digital Artwork Guideline Checklist (below).

B) Digital Artwork Guideline Checklist
Here are the basics to have in place before submitting your final digital artwork (post acceptance):

Figure Legends: Provide brief legends for each figure.

Supplemental Digital Content (SDC): Electronic appendices can be used to provide additional text, nonessential figures, supplementary tables, data collection instruments, details regarding study methods, statistical computing code, and other material (see also the Editors' Notepad). The article should be able to stand without this supplemental material; if information is essential, it must be part of the manuscript main text.

Supplemental Digital Content is not peer-reviewed or copy-edited; it is the sole responsibility of the author. The SDC is part of the article and is thus covered by the article's Copyright Transfer Form.

Please follow the checklist below.

Step 1 > Create SDC files per these file requirements

Step 2 > Cite SDC call-outs in the manuscript text file:

Cite supplementary digital content in the text as eAppendix, eTable, etc. If possible, create one PDF file containing all SDC. If multiple files are required because the SDC includes computer code, a video, a database, etc., include in the main text a numbered list of Supplemental Digital Content.

Step 3 > Upload the SDC file(s) into Editorial Manager as part of the online submission process.

Data collection instruments: We request that you include the data collection instruments on which data are based (either the entire questionnaire or a subset of the key analytic variables) as an eAppendix. If the questionnaire is online elsewhere, provide the link in the main text.

References: Number the references in order of appearance in the text, tables and figures, and list them at the end of the main text file. Reference numbers in the text should be superscripts placed after punctuation. Any reference style is acceptable for initial submissions, but for accepted papers authors will be asked to put references in the format specified below. For more than six authors, list only the first three, followed by "et al." Verify all references using PubMed. Abbreviate journal names as listed in the Journals Database section of the PubMed Web site. Double-space the reference list. An Endnote output style is available.

Reliance on unpublished sources (such as personal communications, unpublished data, most abstracts, or papers under review) is discouraged. When cited, these should appear in the text in parentheses. For personal communications, include the name of the source, date, and type of communication.

Translations to languages other than English: All components of the manuscript must be submitted in English. Authors may submit translations of any or all manuscript components to a language other than English. These translations should be submitted as supplemental digital content, and should include a heading in English and the translated language explaining: (a) who translated the material, (b) that the translation was not peer-reviewed or reviewed for accuracy of translation by the journal, and (c) that the version published in English is the version of record and the version that should be cited. Note that the publisher offers access to translation services, which authors are encouraged to access. Translations may be submitted any time between first submission and publication.

Examples of Reference Style

Journal article
1. Botto LD, Lynberg MC, Erickson JD. Congenital heart defects, maternal febrile illness, and multivitamin use: a population-based study. Epidemiology. 2001;12:485-490. NOTE: If the journal article is an editorial, commentary, letter or abstract, include this word in brackets following the title of the article.

Book chapter
2. Greenland S. Applications of stratified analysis methods. In: Rothman KJ, Greenland S, eds. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998:288-300.

Entire book
3. MacMahon B, Pugh TF. Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. Boston: Little Brown and Co.; 1970.

Online journals
4. Harsha HC, Kandasamy K, Ranganathan P, et al. A compendium of potential biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. PLoS Med 2009;6(4):e1000046. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000046.

Web Site
5. National Cancer Institute. PDQ® - NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cancerdatabase. Accessed April 14, 2009.

Unpublished material should be cited in the text only and as follows:

(AK Smith, written communication, June 2003)

(SB Jones, unpublished data, 2003)

Checklist for Submitted Manuscripts

Please review the list below to be sure you have all relevant components of your submission. See specifications above for each component. Order the components in Editorial Manager as follows:

Open access
Authors of accepted peer-reviewed articles have the choice to pay a fee to allow perpetual unrestricted online access to their published article to readers globally, immediately upon publication. Authors may take advantage of the open access option at the point of submission. Please note that this choice has no influence on the peer review and acceptance process. These articles are subject to the journal's standard peer-review process and will be accepted or rejected based on their own merit.

The article processing charge (APC) is charged on acceptance of the article and should be paid within 30 days by the author, funding agency or institution. Payment must be processed for the article to be published open access. For a list of journals and pricing please visit our Wolters Kluwer Hybrid Open Access Journals page.

Authors retain copyright
Authors retain their copyright for all articles they opt to publish open access. Authors grant Wolters Kluwer an exclusive license to publish the article and the article is made available under the terms of a Creative Commons user license. Please visit our Open Access Publication Process page for more information.

Creative Commons license
Open access articles are freely available to read, download and share from the time of publication under the terms of the Creative Commons License Attribution-Non Commercial No Derivative (CC BY-NC-ND) license. This license does not permit reuse for any commercial purposes, nor does it cover the reuse or modification of individual elements of the work (such as figures, tables, etc.) in the creation of derivative works without specific permission.

Compliance with funder mandated open access policies
An author whose work is funded by an organization that mandates the use of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license is able to meet that requirement through the available open access license for approved funders. Information about the approved funders can be found here.

Read and Publish Agreements

Wolters Kluwer currently has read-and-publish agreements with institutional consortia listed here.

Corresponding authors who are affiliated with the participating institution and who qualify as eligible authors* can publish their eligible articles open access in the eligible LWW journals at no direct cost to them. Please see your institution’s individual policy for guidance on eligible article types and license choice. To qualify for the APC waiver, the corresponding author must provide their participating institution’s name and institutional email address in the journal’s submission system. On acceptance, the corresponding author will be asked to place an open access order in the publisher’s payment portal where they will be able to request the APC be funded in accordance with this agreement. A $0.00 APC will then be applied.

*Eligible authors: Corresponding authors who are teaching and research staff employed by or otherwise accredited to one of the participating institutions as well as students enrolled or accredited to one of the institutions and who want to publish open access articles.

Compliance with National Institutes of Health Accessibility Requirements
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) requires authors to submit the “post-print” (the final manuscript, in Word format, after peer-review and acceptance for publication but prior to the publisher’s copyediting, design, formatting, and other services) of research the NIH funds to a repository that is accessible online by all without charge. As a service to our authors, LWW will identify to the National Library of Medicine (NLM) articles that require deposit and will transmit the post-print of an article based on research funded in whole or in part by the NIH to PubMed Central.

FAQ for open access
https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/lippincott-journals/lippincott-open-access/faq

Page Proofs and Corrections

Authors have the opportunity to check the copyedited and typeset article before publication. The corresponding author will receive an e-mail with the typeset pages. Please send corrections to the editorial office within 48 hours; if you need additional time, you may contact the editorial office to request an extension. It is the authors' responsibility to ensure there are no errors.

Only the most critical changes to ensure accuracy are allowed at this stage. Changes that have been made to conform to journal style will stand if they do not alter the authors' meaning. The publisher reserves the right to deny changes beyond those that are absolutely necessary. Authors may be charged for alterations to the proofs beyond those required to correct errors or to answer queries.

Publisher's contact: For questions about accessing the proofs or other production issues, contact Anna Butrim ([email protected]).

Reprints and Publication Charges

Reprints: Authors will receive a reprint order form from the publisher. Reprints are normally shipped 6–8 weeks after publication. Electronic reprints are also available. Purchasing ePrints enables you to redistribute the PDF file either by e-mail or by posting it to your website.

You can also order paper or electronic reprints from the journal's home page. Contact the Author Reprint Department with any questions (800.341.2258 or [email protected]).

Publication charges:

Billing follows publication. Authors who select the Open Access publication option will not be charged page charges or print color costs. Questions on billing should be addressed to the Author Reprint Department (800.341.2258 or [email protected]).