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Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1807 1
1845 1
1846 2
1847 2
1852 1
1853 1
1854 1
1857 1
1867 1
1868 1
1877 2
1878 1
1879 2
1880 2
1881 2
1882 1
1884 1
1887 1
1888 1
1890 1
1893 2
1896 1
1899 3
1902 2
1910 1
1912 1
1913 3
1919 1
1924 2
1926 1
1933 1
1937 1
1938 2
1941 2
1942 2
1945 2
1946 5
1947 4
1948 9
1949 4
1950 2
1951 6
1952 10
1953 8
1954 7
1955 7
1956 8
1957 6
1958 12
1959 6
1960 35
1961 43
1962 13
1963 43
1964 65
1965 81
1966 66
1967 98
1968 112
1969 109
1970 93
1971 129
1972 127
1973 124
1974 149
1975 148
1976 146
1977 116
1978 116
1979 95
1980 124
1981 104
1982 105
1983 95
1984 108
1985 131
1986 130
1987 118
1988 153
1989 164
1990 151
1991 169
1992 159
1993 195
1994 176
1995 186
1996 157
1997 188
1998 199
1999 196
2000 235
2001 252
2002 232
2003 222
2004 305
2005 313
2006 360
2007 337
2008 401
2009 443
2010 472
2011 496
2012 600
2013 628
2014 679
2015 666
2016 703
2017 706
2018 717
2019 706
2020 714
2021 834
2022 898
2023 807
2024 345
2025 1

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16,380 results

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Page 1
Reward, punishment, and prosocial behavior: Recent developments and implications.
Wu J, Luan S, Raihani N. Wu J, et al. Curr Opin Psychol. 2022 Apr;44:117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.09.003. Epub 2021 Sep 11. Curr Opin Psychol. 2022. PMID: 34619459 Review.
We review recent work that addresses the conditions under which rewards and punishment can enhance prosocial behavior, the proximate and ultimate mechanisms for individuals' rewarding and punishing decisions, and the reputational and behavioral consequences of rewar …
We review recent work that addresses the conditions under which rewards and punishment can enhance prosocial behavior, the proximate …
Third-party punishment by preverbal infants.
Kanakogi Y, Miyazaki M, Takahashi H, Yamamoto H, Kobayashi T, Hiraki K. Kanakogi Y, et al. Nat Hum Behav. 2022 Sep;6(9):1234-1242. doi: 10.1038/s41562-022-01354-2. Epub 2022 Jun 9. Nat Hum Behav. 2022. PMID: 35680993 Free PMC article.
Third-party punishment of antisocial others is unique to humans and seems to be universal across cultures. ...Additionally, three control experiments excluded alternative interpretations of their selective gaze, suggesting that punishment-related decision-making inf …
Third-party punishment of antisocial others is unique to humans and seems to be universal across cultures. ...Additionally, three con …
Punishment and cooperation in nature.
Raihani NJ, Thornton A, Bshary R. Raihani NJ, et al. Trends Ecol Evol. 2012 May;27(5):288-95. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.12.004. Epub 2012 Jan 25. Trends Ecol Evol. 2012. PMID: 22284810 Free article. Review.
Humans use punishment to promote cooperation in laboratory experiments but evidence that punishment plays a similar role in non-human animals is comparatively rare. ...Although these conditions are common in nature, punishment (unlike other forms of aggressio …
Humans use punishment to promote cooperation in laboratory experiments but evidence that punishment plays a similar role in no …
The neurobiology of punishment.
Seymour B, Singer T, Dolan R. Seymour B, et al. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 Apr;8(4):300-11. doi: 10.1038/nrn2119. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007. PMID: 17375042 Review.
In animals, this usually serves to protect the personal interests of the individual concerned, and its kin. However, humans also punish altruistically, in which the act of punishing is personally costly. The propensity to do so has been proposed to reflect the cultu …
In animals, this usually serves to protect the personal interests of the individual concerned, and its kin. However, humans also punish …
Third-party punishment promotes fairness in children.
Martin JW, Martin S, McAuliffe K. Martin JW, et al. Dev Psychol. 2021 Jun;57(6):927-939. doi: 10.1037/dev0001183. Dev Psychol. 2021. PMID: 34424010
Third-party punishment can promote fair behavior. However, the mechanisms by which this happens are unclear. Third-party punishment may increase fair behavior by providing direct feedback, helping shape the behavior of those punished, or through an influence …
Third-party punishment can promote fair behavior. However, the mechanisms by which this happens are unclear. Third-party punishmen …
Material Benefits Crowd Out Moralistic Punishment.
Rai TS. Rai TS. Psychol Sci. 2022 May;33(5):789-797. doi: 10.1177/09567976211054786. Epub 2022 Apr 29. Psychol Sci. 2022. PMID: 35486472
Willingness to engage in punishment was restored if participants were offered large enough payments or were told that punishment accompanied by payment still signals moral virtue. Data were consistent with a signal-corruption mechanism whereby payment interferes wit …
Willingness to engage in punishment was restored if participants were offered large enough payments or were told that punishment …
A cognitive pathway to punishment insensitivity.
Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P, Lee JC, Liew SX, Weidemann G, Lovibond PF, McNally GP. Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Apr 11;120(15):e2221634120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2221634120. Epub 2023 Apr 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023. PMID: 37011189 Free PMC article.
Exposed to identical punishment contingencies, some people (sensitive phenotype) form correct causal beliefs that they use to guide their behavior, successfully obtaining rewards and avoiding punishment, whereas others form incorrect but internally coherent causal b …
Exposed to identical punishment contingencies, some people (sensitive phenotype) form correct causal beliefs that they use to guide t …
Discriminatory punishment undermines the enforcement of group cooperation.
Molenmaker WE, Gross J, de Kwaadsteniet EW, van Dijk E, de Dreu CKW. Molenmaker WE, et al. Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 13;13(1):6061. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33167-2. Sci Rep. 2023. PMID: 37055546 Free PMC article.
We show that punishment effectively enforced cooperation in uniform groups where punishment was conditioned on poor contribution. In pluriform groups, punishment was conditioned on poor contribution too, but also partially on others' social-demographic charac …
We show that punishment effectively enforced cooperation in uniform groups where punishment was conditioned on poor contributi …
Punishment is Organized around Principles of Communicative Inference.
Sarin A, Ho MK, Martin JW, Cushman FA. Sarin A, et al. Cognition. 2021 Mar;208:104544. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104544. Epub 2020 Dec 28. Cognition. 2021. PMID: 33383397
Specifically, we show that people expect harmless, yet communicative, punishments to be as effective as harmful punishments (Experiment 1). Under some situations, people display a systematic preference for harmless punishments over more canonical, harmful …
Specifically, we show that people expect harmless, yet communicative, punishments to be as effective as harmful punishments (E …
Children favor punishment over restoration.
McAuliffe K, Dunham Y. McAuliffe K, et al. Dev Sci. 2021 Sep;24(5):e13093. doi: 10.1111/desc.13093. Epub 2021 Mar 21. Dev Sci. 2021. PMID: 33527575
Why do people punish selfish behavior? Are they motivated to punish perpetrators of selfishness (retribution) or to compensate the victims of selfishness (restoration)? ...Children could also use compensation in this context, equalizing the payoffs between actor and …
Why do people punish selfish behavior? Are they motivated to punish perpetrators of selfishness (retribution) or to compensate …
16,380 results
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