2018 ESMO:KEYNOTE-057研究:卡介苗治疗无效的高风险非肌层浸润性膀胱癌,帕博利珠单抗显疗效

2018-10-30 肿瘤资讯 肿瘤资讯

2018 年欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)年会在德国慕尼黑举行,ESMO年会是欧洲最负盛名和最有影响力的肿瘤学会议,在世界上享有盛誉。本届ESMO年会的主题是“Securing access to optimal cancer care”。当地时间2018年10月20日的下午的Proffered paper session-非前列腺的泌尿生殖系肿瘤专场上,来自荷兰鹿特丹Erasmus MC 癌症研究

2018 年欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)年会在德国慕尼黑举行,ESMO年会是欧洲最负盛名和最有影响力的肿瘤学会议,在世界上享有盛誉。本届ESMO年会的主题是“Securing access to optimal cancer care”。当地时间2018年10月20日的下午的Proffered paper session-非前列腺的泌尿生殖系肿瘤专场上,来自荷兰鹿特丹Erasmus MC 癌症研究所的Ronald de Wit教授现场报道了KEYNOTE-057研究结果,即帕博利珠单抗治疗卡介苗治疗无效的高风险非肌层浸润性膀胱癌疗效和安全性。

研究背景

全球每年新发的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)约为30万例,高风险(HR)NMIBC定义为原位(CIS)、T1和/或高级别Ta肿瘤。接受标准尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术和膀胱内BCG治疗的HR NMIBC患者,完全缓解率(CR率)可达到70%。然而,大多数的高风险患者仍会出现复发:30%的患者会在1年内复发,40%的患者有较高风险进展为肌层浸润性疾病,20-30%的患者进展为转移性疾病。对卡介苗(BCG)治疗无响应对HR NMIBC患者因为有高复发风险,推荐接受膀胱切除术。

BCG治疗无响应定义为接受过足够的BCG治疗,即至少接受过5次足够剂量的诱导治疗和2次维持治疗或2次再次诱导治疗,根据复发模式分为BCG原发耐药和BCG复发。对BCG治疗无响应的患者,若未行干预,会出现疾病进展。对于这类患者,目前的标准治疗为根治性膀胱切除术。但因为这类治疗有较高的病死率和合并症,严重影响患者的生活质量,很多患者拒绝或不适合接受膀胱切除术。因此,亟需新的治疗方式来降低患者的复发风险、保留膀胱功能。因为缺乏合适的对照,对于这类BCG治疗无响应的人群,可以进行单臂临床研究。

BCG治疗耐药的患者,观察到PD-1通路的活化。在转移性尿路上皮癌中,已经观察到帕博利珠单抗显着的抗肿瘤活性,但抗PD-1单抗单药用于NMIBC患者的疗效尚未明确。

研究方法

KEYNOTE-057研究是一项单臂、开放的II期研究,入组了对BCG无响应、拒绝或不适合接受膀胱切除术的HR NMIBC患者,乳头状疾病患者在研究入组前需进行完全性切除。研究分为两个队列:队列A(n=130)入组了CIS,伴或不伴乳头状疾病(高级别Ta或T1);队列B(n=130)入组了乳头状疾病(高级别Ta或任意T1)不伴CIS。患者接受帕博利珠单抗200mg,q3w治疗,前2年患者每12周接受一次膀胱镜检查、细胞学±活检;之后2年患者每24周接受一次检查;后续则每年接受一次检查。治疗前2年每24周进行一次CT复发,如果临床需要则可以更频繁复查。如果患者在复查过程中未出现进展或复发,则继续接受治疗和评估直至进展或完成2年治疗;若在复查过程中出现复发或进展,则停止治疗,并进入生存随访。主要研究终点为队列A的CR(未出现HR NMIBC)率和队列B的DFS;次要研究终点为队列A的CR(未出现HR或LR NMIBC)率和疗效持续时间(DOR),安全性和耐受性。

中期的疗效和安全性分析设置了入组截止日期,以保证患者有足够的随访时间进行疗效评估。本次分析的截止日期为2018年7月18日,入组的截止日期为2018年4月1日。疗效分析人群定义为全分析集,安全性分析人群定义为所有接受治疗的患者,两个分析人群患者完全一致,所有入组本研究的患者均接受过至少1个剂量的研究药物治疗。研究假设采用二项式精确法评估HR NMIBC患者的CR率,采用K-M法估计患者的DOR。

研究结果

队列A入组了CIS±乳头状疾病患者103例,所有患者均接受治疗,中位随访时间为14.0个月(范围:4.0-26.3个月)。至最后截止日期,32例(31.1%)患者仍在治疗中。患者的中位年龄为73岁,其中男性占83.5%,白种人群占68.0%,ECOG PS 0分的患者占73.8%,既往接受过BCG治疗的中位次数为12次,所有患者均为移行细胞尿路上皮癌。入组时患者的疾病分期分别为:CIS T1期12.6%、CIS(TIS)高级别Ta期15.5%、CIS(TIS)71.8%。PD-L1表达状态为:CPS>=10、<10或不可评估的患者分别为37.9%、57.3%和4.9%。

3个月时的ORR评估:40例患者取得CR,CR率为38.8%(95%CI:29.4-48.9),非CR率为55.3%(95%CI:45.2-65.1),不可评估的患者占5.8%,总结见下表。至CR的中位时间为12.4周,29例(72.5%)CR的患者仍持续有效,10例(25.0%)CR的患者后来复发为NMIBC,1例CR患者接受膀胱切除术,无患者进展为肌层浸润性或转移性疾病。

在3个月时取得CR的患者,中位DOR尚未达到(0+~14.1+个月),80%的患者CR持续时间>=6个月。

安全性评估:96.1%的患者报道有>=1次不良事件(AE),治疗相关不良事件(TRAE)的发生率为63.1%,3-5级AE发生率为26.2%,3-5级SAE发生率为12.6%。仅1例患者因为TRAE死亡,因TRAE导致治疗中止的患者占6.8%。发生率>=2例患者的任意级别TRAEs包括瘙痒(11例,10.7%)、甲状腺功能减低(6例,5.8%)、斑丘疹(6例,5.8%)、皮疹(5例,4.9%)、甲亢(4例,3.9%)、结肠炎(2例,1.9%)、下垂体炎(2例,1.9%)、肺炎(2例,1.9%)、痒疹(2例,1.9%)。5例患者因为免疫介导的AE需要激素治疗。3-5级TRAEs发生率较低,为12.6%,值得关注的3-5级TRAE包括肾上腺功能不足、结肠炎、下垂体炎、瘙痒、皮疹和I型糖尿病,发生率均为1%(1例)。

结论

在这项正在进行研究的中期分析中,帕博利珠单抗显示出有前景的抗肿瘤治疗疗效。帕博利珠单抗用于BCG治疗无响应的CIS伴或不伴乳头状疾病,拒绝或不适合接受膀胱切除术,可选治疗手段有限的患者,可以取得了较高的CR率和较长的DOR。在复发的HR NMIBC患者中,没有患者进展为肌肉浸润性或转移性膀胱癌。本研究中,帕博利珠单抗治疗的安全性和耐受性与既往研究报道相似。即将进行III期研究评估帕博利珠单抗联合BCG用于既往接受过BCG诱导治疗后病灶持续存在或复发的HR NMIBC患者的疗效和安全性(KEYNOTE-676研究)。

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056854, encodeId=41152056854cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ca2484816b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#帕博利珠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48481, encryptionId=7ca2484816b, topicName=帕博利珠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8ebc122, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Sun Mar 17 06:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1862086, encodeId=efc1186208605, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a374102813a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102813, encryptionId=a374102813a1, topicName=高风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f5e185, createdName=zlawrance, createdTime=Wed Apr 24 01:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024827, encodeId=54d3202482ead, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c27516459de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SMO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16459, encryptionId=c27516459de, topicName=SMO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6779163, createdName=liuhuangbo, createdTime=Wed Jul 17 15:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1662639, encodeId=3fe41662639db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=41218091691' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肌层浸润性膀胱癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80916, encryptionId=41218091691, topicName=肌层浸润性膀胱癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3dd925444855, createdName=12498768m21(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Nov 03 11:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1703433, encodeId=8e681e03433bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2fdf10464e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#KEYNOTE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10464, encryptionId=2fdf10464e6, topicName=KEYNOTE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=94e330506057, createdName=tm10051991, createdTime=Wed May 29 01:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1280972, encodeId=c24c12809e2e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=50d6e0215a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ESMO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7021, encryptionId=50d6e0215a, topicName=ESMO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7460166, createdName=zhang92560, createdTime=Thu Nov 01 06:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481202, encodeId=64c91481202ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2e2399635a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非肌层浸润性膀胱癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99635, encryptionId=2e2399635a4, topicName=非肌层浸润性膀胱癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Thu Nov 01 06:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1031958, encodeId=aa351031958b5, content=谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=内科新手, createdTime=Tue Oct 30 18:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-17 liuhuangbo
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    2018-11-01 zhang92560
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    2018-10-30 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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