盘点:2018年1月Nature Medicine研究精选

2018-01-10 zhangfan MedSci原创

2018年1月Nature Medicine研究精选



【1】封面文章--泛素化酶TNFAIP 3介导ASK 1失活及改善非酒精性脂肪性肝炎


特异性针对ASK1的抑制剂selonsertib(GS-4997)是最有希望的非酒精性脂肪肝病候选药物,但其完全抑制ASK1的活性,可能干扰ASK1的正常生理功能,从而造成毒副作用。

近日的Nature Medicine中,武汉大学李红良教授课题组发现肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导蛋白3(TNFAIP3)是非酒精性脂肪肝发生发展过程中关键的ASK1负调控分子。

研究人员发现TNFAIP3能够通过在病理条件下对ASK1进行去泛素化来抑制ASK1以及下游P38/JNK的活性,从而有效防止非酒精性脂肪肝及其并发症的发生发展。该研究以非酒精性脂肪肝的临床治疗药物研发为出发点,针对ASK1这个具有治疗前景的临床前药物靶点,寻找到了新的非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗靶点,降低了直接抑制ASK1酶活性产生的毒副作用,为非酒精性脂肪肝及相关代谢性疾病的临床治疗提供了新的理论基础。

【2】封面文章--ALOX12-12-HETE-GPR31信号轴在肝缺血再灌注损伤中的关键作用


临床发现,肝脏缺血再灌注损伤可导致10%早期肝脏移植后器官衰竭,45%急慢性组织排异现象和器官损伤,极大限制了肝脏切除术的适应症及边缘性肝脏供体的应用,严重阻碍了肝脏手术的应用和救治效果。

在同期的Nature Medicine中,武汉大学李红良教授课题组运用转录组学、蛋白组学和代谢组学联合分析,首次揭示了缺血阶段的脂质代谢紊乱是肝脏缺血再灌注损伤过程中的重要病变,其中,12-脂氧化酶(ALOX12)的上调和12羟基二十烷四烯酸(12-HETE)蓄积尤为显著,而炎症及细胞死亡均为脂质代谢紊乱的后续事件。

研究证实,ALOX12-12-HETE依赖G蛋白偶联受体31显著促进缺血再灌注导致的肝脏损伤效应,而使用ALOX12小分子抑制剂ML355可有效缓解肝脏损伤。研究同时建立了世界首例非人灵长类动物恒河猴肝脏缺血再灌注模型,系统并长期监测了ML355在肝脏缺血再灌注过程中及后期对肝脏的保护作用。

【3】组蛋白去乙酰化酶4片段通过调节己糖胺生物合成预防心衰的发生


应激反应表观遗传抑制因子--组蛋白去乙酰化酶4(HDAC 4)调控心脏基因表达。近日来自德国海德堡大学的研究人员发现HDAC4 N末端水解片段(HDAC4-NT)的水平在心衰小鼠中显著降低。

研究人员通过病毒载体将HDAC4编码基因转移至小鼠心肌细胞可导致小鼠心脏重构抑制并阻止心衰的发生。该现象与核孤受体Nr4a1表达降低以及NR4A1依赖的己胺糖生物合成途径抑制相关。研究发现,体育锻炼可增加HDAC4-NT水平,心肌细胞特异性HDAC 4缺陷小鼠运动能力下降。机制研究发现NR4A1通过血压和钙传感器STIM1负向调节心脏的收缩功能。

研究描述了一个全新的,通过表观遗传调节代谢途径影响钙功能的调节轴,其持续病理性心脏应激可最终导致心力衰竭。

【4】cGAS在老年性黄斑变性过程中驱动非典型炎症小体激活


地图样萎缩是年龄相关性黄斑变性网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞死亡的主要特征,此外RPE还表现为DICER 1缺乏,内源性Alu-逆转录元件RNA积累以及NLRP 3-炎症小体激活。在上述不可逆过程中,炎症反应是如何被激活的?目前还不清楚。

近日来自弗吉尼亚大学医学院的研究人员证实RPE变性是一种非典型炎症小体通路驱动途径,通过激活caspase-4(小鼠体内caspase-11)和caspase-1,并在循环GMP-AMP合成酶(cGAS)依赖性干扰素-β和Gasdermin d依赖白细胞介素-18参与下完成。DICER1下降以及Alu-RNA积累诱发线粒体DNA胞质逃逸。人类地图样萎缩患者caspase-4, gasdermin D, 干扰素β以cGAS水平升高。上述发现说明cGAS为关键转录响应因素,在线粒体炎症损伤过程中发挥了关键作用。

该发现将cGAS和caspase-4的免疫感知范围扩展到非传染性人类疾病,cGAS和caspase-4成为治疗炎症性失明的潜在靶点。

【5】甲状腺激素通过改善上皮线粒体功能抑制小鼠肺纤维化


甲状腺激素(TH)是维持应激过程中细胞稳态的关键,但其在肺纤维化中的作用尚不清楚。

近日来自山东大学齐鲁医院的研究人员发现, TH激活酶--碘甲状腺原脱碘酶2 (DIO2)的活性和表达水平在特发性肺纤维化患者中显著升高。Dio2敲除小鼠博来霉素诱导肺纤维化增加,TH雾化可增加肺纤维化小鼠的生存期,改善纤维化过程。TH类似物Sobetirome可缓解博莱霉素导致的肺纤维化。博莱霉素损伤后,TH体内外可促进线粒体生物合成,改善线粒体生物能学,减轻线粒体调控的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡。TH对Ppargc1a或Pink1敲除小鼠的肺纤维化无效,这表明TH的抗纤维化作用存在途径依赖。

研究认为TH的抗纤维化特性与肺泡上皮细胞保护和线粒体功能恢复有关,TH具有潜在的肺纤维化治疗效果。

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    2018-10-29 jeanqiuqiu
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858844, encodeId=76f318588441e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Mon Oct 29 07:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773687, encodeId=b76e1e73687be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f014e1852' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4718, encryptionId=5f014e1852, topicName=CIN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9a038523631, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Sat Dec 15 17:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882760, encodeId=77611882e6010, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Oct 20 15:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278661, encodeId=e7912e866118, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Mon Jan 15 09:19:57 CST 2018, time=2018-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577585, encodeId=034315e758509, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cda91148004' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medicine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11480, encryptionId=cda91148004, topicName=Medicine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54cd16396700, createdName=ms1692212821629096, createdTime=Fri Jan 12 05:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1608431, encodeId=27f11608431b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Jan 12 05:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277226, encodeId=978b2e7226ad, content=特异性针对ASK1的抑制剂selonsertib(GS-4997)是最有希望的非酒精性脂肪肝病候选药物.但其完全抑制ASK1的活性.可能干扰ASK1的正常生理功能.从而造成毒副作用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Wed Jan 10 15:39:48 CST 2018, time=2018-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-15 kalseyzl
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    2018-10-20 liye789132251
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    2018-01-15 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-01-10 有备才能无患

    特异性针对ASK1的抑制剂selonsertib(GS-4997)是最有希望的非酒精性脂肪肝病候选药物.但其完全抑制ASK1的活性.可能干扰ASK1的正常生理功能.从而造成毒副作用.

    0

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最近,Nature Biotechnology发布一篇新药研发成功率分析报告(Nature Biotechnology. 2014, 32, 40-51.),采用BioMedTracker数据库统计2003-2011年临床研究的成功率,与其它类似研究不同的是,该报告以适应症计数而不是简单地统计新药数量。数据覆盖835家制药、生物技术公司,共统计分析4451个新药,对应7372个适应症计数。 X期

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胱氨酸尿症是一种可以导致致痛及损伤性肾结石反复发作的遗传疾病,而一项新研究表明常见的膳食补充剂alpha-硫辛酸可以防止胱氨酸尿症小鼠形成结石。这项研究已经引发来自巴克研究所和加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)的研究人员在相关病人身上开启早期临床试验研究。

Nat Immunol:首揭干扰素抗病毒机制

尽管医学界早在上世纪五十年代就发现和证实了“干扰素”的抗病毒作用,但它究竟是如何发挥作用的具体机制,仍是不解之谜。复旦大学今日披露,上海医学专家已解开其中谜团。 据透露,该校上海医学院基础医学院教育部、卫生部医学分子病毒学重点实验室主任袁正宏研究员率领课题组,历经4年多潜心研究和探索,终于发现,“干扰素-a”通过促使细胞分泌的“外体”所携带的具有抗病毒作用的蛋白和核酸等分子,在细胞间传递后发挥抗

Nat Genet:大数据在疾病间建立起惊人联系

利用来自近13万个家庭的48多万人的健康保险数据,芝加哥大学的研究人员根据疾病在遗传相关个体中发生的频率,建立了一种新的常见疾病分类方法。研究人员希望8月7日在线发表在Nature Genetics杂志上的这项研究将有助于医生更好地诊断和治疗病因而不是症状。

NAT COMMUN:父亲和母亲识别子女声音的能力一样强

Nature Communications上发表的一项研究表明,父亲在识别自己孩子哭声方面可以跟母亲一样好。这些发现与人们普遍所持观点是相悖的,即母亲在识别其婴儿声音方面要比父亲好。 父母能够识别其子女哭声不同特点的能力,在促进“适应性关爱”的提供方面起一定作用。据有关母性本能的假设,母亲在执行这些任务时应当比父亲更好。然而,以前的研究要么完全聚焦于母亲,要么未对父母中的一方与其孩子相处时间的多

NAT MED:大脑神经酰胺水平降低或可抗抑郁

大脑中神经酰胺(一种体内脂肪酸分子)水平的降低对患病小鼠具有抗抑郁的作用,这是《自然-医学》近日发表的一项研究得出的结论。这项发现意味着开发出一种更有效治疗人类抑郁症的潜在新治疗方法的可能。当神经鞘磷脂经过酶切后,神经酰胺便会释放出来——神经鞘磷脂是一种富集在脑细胞膜内的类脂。Erich Gulbins 等人发现小鼠处在压力状态时,大脑神经酰胺的浓度与无压力的小鼠相比有所增加。一些常用抗抑郁药物比