介入相关心梗诊断标准之争!欧洲胸心外科学会发出声明, 撤回2018版血运重建指南冠脉左主干病变的建议

2019-12-15 文韬 TCTMD 中国循环杂志

近期,欧洲胸心外科学会(EACTS)发出声明,基于BBC报道的EXCEL研究数据可能造假,EACTS官方宣布撤除对2018版欧洲心肌血运重建指南中左主干章节的认同与支持。EACTS邀请欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)重新一起编写该章节,以保护患者的安全和利益。BBC调查报告称,EXCEL试验的研究者掩盖了关键数据,因此,欧洲心胸外科协会(EACTS)正式撤回对当前治疗冠脉左主干病变的建议。EACTS表示,

近期,欧洲胸心外科学会(EACTS)发出声明,基于BBC报道的EXCEL研究数据可能造假,EACTS官方宣布撤除对2018版欧洲心肌血运重建指南中左主干章节的认同与支持。

EACTS邀请欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)重新一起编写该章节,以保护患者的安全和利益。

BBC调查报告称,EXCEL试验的研究者掩盖了关键数据,因此,欧洲心胸外科协会(EACTS)正式撤回对当前治疗冠脉左主干病变的建议。

EACTS表示,他们与ESC共同制定了2018年的血运重建指南,但并不知道BBC获得的数据,该数据表明,当使用第三版心梗通用定义时,冠脉介入治疗组(PCI)发生心梗的风险显着增加。

根据BBC的报道,试验研究人员在试验过程中忽略数据安全监视委员会(DSMB)警告,即介入治疗的患者死亡风险增加。

EACTS秘书长,来自英国伯明翰大学医院/伊丽莎白女王医院Domenico Pagano说,“EACTS理事会已考虑BBC展示的数据,我们非常担心的,EXCEL试验的某些结果似乎被掩盖了,因此某些患者可能收到了错误的建议。

这是EACTS近几个月来第二次尝试重新审查EXCEL结果。TCTMD先前就曾报道,EXCEL外科委员会主席David Taggart在试验设计和招募阶段期间,曾表达了对试验的关注,这引起EXCEL研究者的批评。

Taggart最终拒绝在2019年《新英格兰医学杂志》发表的EXCEL5年研究结果文章中署名。

对于SYNTAX分数为中等和较高评分的患者,2018 ESC/EACTS指南分别将PCI推荐为IIa和III类。如同先前的指南,CABG在所有患者中仍然是Ia类适应症,无论其解剖结构如何复杂。

但部分是基于2016年在《新英格兰医学杂志》发表EXCEL试验的基础上,2018年指南将左主干病变和SYNTAX评分低的患者给予了PCI为Ia类适应症。

EXCEL研究3年结果显示,左主干病变和中低SYNTAX评分患者接受PCI治疗与接受CABG手术治疗相比,死亡、心梗或中风的风险没有差异。

EXCEL研究人员使用一个单一终点,使用修订后的SCAI学会围手术期心肌梗死和第三版心梗定义,研究者称,PCI和CABG治疗的心肌梗死发生率没有显着差异。

但在BBC的报道中,记者Deborah Cohen指出,根据研究设计,该试验的目的是根据第三版心梗通用定义报告心梗的发生率。

Cohen引用泄漏的数据,如果使用EXCEL研究定义的心梗发生率,接受PCI的患者比接受CABG的患者心梗发生率高80%。但NEJM论文或公开演讲并未报告该数据,该定义是研究方案中的次要终点。

第三版版全球心梗通用定义中,PCI 相关心梗定义为:术后 48 h 肌钙蛋白(cTn)水平升高 >正常上限值的5倍且有特殊临床表现或心电图特征。

而SCAI的标准要求诊断“有临床意义的心梗”时,在冠脉血运重建术后 48 h内CK-MB水平升高≥正常值上限的 10倍;若无法获得基线 CK-MB数值,则采用肌钙蛋白 I(TnI)或肌钙蛋白 T(TnT)水平升高≥正常值上限的70倍。

参与撰写2018年ESC/EACTS指南的英国伦敦大学学院Nick Freemantle告诉BBC,EXCEL的研究结果对他们决定将伴左主干病变低中危患者进行PCI作为Ia级推荐的决定“绝对至关重要”。

纽约长老会/哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心Ajay Kirtane说,心梗定义对于临床试验人员来说是一个复杂的问题。

Kirtane说,第三版通用定义使用心脏肌钙蛋白水平升高和降低判断心梗,对于检测围手术期心梗非常敏感。但这种变化是否有临床意义不确定。他说:“这是临床医生心脏手术或PCI后不常规检查肌钙蛋白的原因之一。”

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