长期甲状腺功能亢进致心源性肝硬化1例

2018-05-10 宁秀景 何丽丽 周琦 临床肝胆病杂志

患者女性,37岁,因“乏力1年余,间断腹胀、尿少伴食欲减退、黄疸2月余”于7个月前来本科就诊。

【一般资料】

患者女性,37岁,

【主诉】

因“乏力1年余,间断腹胀、尿少伴食欲减退、黄疸2月余”于7个月前来本科就诊。

【现病史】

患者入院前1年余无明显诱因出现周身乏力,未在意,未系统诊治;入院前2月余无明显诱因出现腹胀、目黄、尿黄伴尿量减少(24h尿量约700ml),同时伴有食欲减退,腹围逐渐增大,并逐渐出现劳力性心悸、呼吸困难、双下肢水肿及夜间不能平卧。

【既往史】

“甲状腺肥大”2年,未系统诊治;否认饮酒史、长期服药史。

【体格检查】

脉搏110次/min,血压102/81mmHg,呼吸22次/min,一般状态差,端坐位,意识清楚,颜面水肿,面色晦暗,皮肤、巩膜重度黄染,未见肝掌及蜘蛛痣,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,无触痛,可见颈静脉怒张,双下肺叩诊呈浊音,听诊呼吸音减弱,双肺满布湿啰音,心脏浊音界向两侧扩大,心率110次/min,律整,三尖瓣听诊区可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音;腹膨隆,腹壁水肿,未见腹壁静脉曲张,全腹无压痛,无反跳痛及肌紧张,肝右肋下可触及4.0cm,质地硬,无触痛,脾左肋下可触及5.0cm,Murphy征阴性,肝区叩击痛阴性,移动性浊音阳性,双下肢重度水肿。

【辅助检查】

甲、乙、丙、戊型肝炎病毒标志物均阴性,抗线粒体抗体M2阴性,抗核抗体(ANA)阴性,自身免疫肝病IgG抗体阴性,铜蓝蛋白及铁代谢正常。血常规:WBC5.78×10^12/L,RBC3.23×10^12/L,Hb92g/L,PLT76×10^9/L。肝功能:AST62.9U/L,GGT69.4U/L,胆碱酯酶1802U/L,Alb29.4g/L,TBil597.0μmol/L,DBil417.6μmol/L,IBil179.4μmol/L。甲功八项:促甲状腺素(TSH)0.005μIU/ml,游离三碘甲状腺素(FT3)17.33pmol/L,游离四碘甲状腺素(FT4)79.6pmol/L,总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)4.17nmol/L,总甲状腺激素(TT4)198.4nmol/L,抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(A-TG)308.4IU/ml,甲状腺球蛋白(TG)500ng/ml,抗甲状腺过氧化物酶自身抗体(A-TPO)451.5IU/ml。甲状腺彩超:甲状腺右叶大小30mm×25mm×80mm,左叶大小30mm×26mm×95mm,峡部厚6.8mm。甲状腺体积增大,腺体回声减低、增粗,分布不均匀。彩色多普勒血流成像显示:腺体内血流信号增多,符合甲亢声像改变。甲状腺摄碘率:2h51.6%,4h57.1%,24h82.0%。心脏彩超:射血分数67%,双房增大,三尖瓣重度返流,二尖瓣轻度返流,肺动脉压力升高,心包腔少量积液。常规心电图检查:窦性心动过速。上腹部CT:考虑肝硬化,脾大,腹水,双侧胸腔积液。

【初步诊断

患者入院后明确诊断为:肝硬化(肝功能失代偿期)、脾功能亢进、甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)、甲亢性心脏病、心功能Ⅳ级、双肺肺炎、双侧胸腔积液,

【治疗】

给予保肝、降黄、强心、利尿、抗感染及对症支持治疗,并请心血管内科、内分泌代谢科及核医学科会诊,考虑患者为长期甲亢所致的心源性肝硬化,治疗上在保肝、降黄疸、消腹水的同时,于住院第5天行I治疗,治疗后患者无明显头晕、高热、心率加快、颈部不适及食欲下降等反应,随着腹水、浮肿的消退,心脏功能的改善,患者肝功能逐渐好转,黄疸逐渐消退。出院后患者继续口服熊去氧胆酸、腺苷蛋氨酸、心得安、螺内酯等保肝、降黄、降心率、利尿等治疗药物。每月复查,至今随访7个月,患者自觉体力明显恢复,无心悸及呼吸困难等,腹水及下肢水肿完全消退,甲状腺激素持续下降(TSH0.005μIU/ml,FT39.59pmol/L,FT432pmol/L),肝功能恢复正常,治疗效果理想。

【讨论】

心源性肝硬化又称淤血性肝硬化,是由于慢性充血性心功能不全引起肝脏长期淤血、缺氧所导致的肝硬化。甲亢是临床常见病,可累及全身多个器官,以心血管及神经系统多见。甲亢时甲状腺激素分泌相对过剩,血液循环加速、心动过速,机体长期处于高代谢状态,导致心肌肥大,继而引发心功能不全,从而发展至肝硬化。此类病例在国内外文献报道中少见,治疗难度大,病死率高。据相关文献报道,所有肝硬化中心源性肝硬化占2%~8%。心源性肝硬化的临床表现主要有心脏瓣膜杂音、胸腔积液、颈静脉怒张、呼吸困难等心脏疾病的症状和体征,可同时伴有失代偿期肝硬化的临床表现,主要有肝大、脾大、水肿、腹水、黄疸等,本病例患者表现典型。心源性肝硬化的发病率较低,早期临床表现多不典型,诊断十分困难,未形成统一的诊断标准。诊断该病时需排除酒精、药物、病毒、代谢、免疫等其他病因所致肝硬化。本病例患者病毒标志物为阴性,可排除病毒性因素;既往无长期饮酒及服药史,可排除酒精及药物性因素;铁代谢及铜蓝蛋白均正常,可排除血色病、肝豆状核变性等代谢性疾病所致肝硬化;自身免疫相关抗体正常,可排除免疫性因素;腹部CT未见腔静脉血栓影像,可排除布加综合征,符合心源性肝硬化诊断标准。心源性肝硬化最常见病因为风湿性心脏瓣膜病(约占60%),其次为慢性缩窄性心包炎(约占16.3%),高血压性心脏病、冠心病、肺源性心脏病、先心病等合并右心功能不全时也可引起心源性肝硬化。甲亢导致的心源性肝硬化可从以下4点与其他原因导致的心源性肝硬化相鉴别:(1)根据症状、体征及试验室检查,确诊为甲亢;(2)心脏异常,如心律失常、心脏扩大、心力衰竭、心绞痛或心肌梗死或二尖瓣脱垂伴心脏病理性杂音等;(3)甲亢控制后上述心脏异常消失或明显好转;(4)除外其他器质性心脏病。甲亢所致心源性肝硬化患者心律失常、代谢亢进等表现突出,治疗的关键是控制甲亢。该患者既往无高血压、慢性肺病、先心病等心脏疾病史,病程中先出现甲亢代谢亢进的临床表现并贯穿始终,最终出现右心功能不全的临床表现,后期出现肝、脾肿大,颈静脉怒张,腹水及黄疸等肝硬化的征象,在诊断过程中排除了病毒性、药物性、酒精性、免疫性、代谢性、布加综合征等因素导致的肝硬化,可明确诊断为心源性肝硬化,病因为甲亢。但由于该患者肝功能严重受损不能接受抗甲状腺药物,心功能衰竭亦不能接受外科手术治疗,且存在I治疗甲亢的相对禁忌,在积极改善心功能及保肝、对症等综合治疗的前提下,权衡利弊,并征得家属同意,针对病因,选择I治疗,取得满意的疗效,挽救了患者的生命。从本病例可以总结经验,肝硬化病因较多,对于同时伴随其他疾病,应考虑是否能“一元化”解释病因,如甲亢致心源性肝硬化,治疗时需克服相对禁忌,采取正确的治疗措施,避免单纯治疗肝硬化效果缓慢,花费高,病情反复,预后不佳。

原始出处:

宁秀景,何丽丽,周琦,等. 长期甲状腺功能亢进致心源性肝硬化1例报告[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志 2018年03月07日

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    2018-05-13 yfjms

    学习

    0

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    2018-05-12 cscdliu

    学习了.谢谢

    0

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    2018-05-12 mhm295
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    2018-05-12 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-05-11 执着追梦

    学习.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-05-11 秀红

    学习

    0

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    2018-05-11 小贝熊

    学习学习.谢谢分享

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