宫颈癌淋巴结切除适应证和争议

2018-01-05 王伟、姚书忠 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

淋巴结切除是评估淋巴结转移状态的主要手段,本文就宫颈癌淋巴结切除适应证和相关争议做一介绍。

在全球范围内,宫颈癌在女性恶性肿瘤中的发病率和死亡率均居第4位,每年新发病例约527600例,死亡约265000例,而其中近90%发生在发展中国家。我国每年新发宫颈癌病例约98900例,死亡病例约30500例。

虽然淋巴结转移状态未被列入宫颈癌的FIGO分期标准,但淋巴结是否转移非常关键,它不仅影响宫颈癌患者的预后,而且对个体化治疗起着决定性作用。淋巴结切除是评估淋巴结转移状态的主要手段,本文就宫颈癌淋巴结切除适应证和相关争议做一介绍。

1.宫颈癌淋巴结切除适应证

目前宫颈癌的治疗主要依据NCCN和FIGO指南。2017年NCCN和2015年FIGO指南推荐的淋巴结切除适应证见表1。FIGO和NCCN指南针对宫颈癌的治疗原则总体一致,但FIGO指南的要求相对低一些,只推荐盆腔淋巴结切除术,没有推荐腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样或切除。


2.1 对于局部晚期宫颈癌是否行手术分期局部晚期宫颈癌一般指ⅡB~ⅣA期。

目前许多肿瘤学家将ⅠB2和ⅡA2期也归为这一类。同步放化疗是这部分患者的标准治疗方式,放疗剂量及放疗野范围决定治疗效果。而放疗野的制定取决于盆腔和腹主动脉旁淋巴结受累情况,因此在局部晚期宫颈癌患者放化疗前评估盆腔和腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移状态至关重要。评估淋巴结转移状态的方法有影像学和手术分期。目前对局部晚期宫颈癌患者是否行手术分期,仍有争议。CT、MRI和PET-CT都可用于预测淋巴结转移,影像学评估转移的主要依据为淋巴结大小。研究报道,直径小于1~2mm的淋巴结可能有肿瘤转移,20%~50%受累的淋巴结未扪及肿大,且影像学检查(包括CT和MRI)对直径大于1cm的淋巴结检测敏感度仅为40%~70%。PET-CT在预测淋巴结转移方面优于CT和MRI,但PET-CT仍有一定假阴性率(约12%)。因此,手术分期仍为评估淋巴结转移状态的准确方法。Goff等对86例局部晚期宫颈癌患者行手术分期,结果显示,术前CT检测大体淋巴结转移和淋巴结微转移的漏诊率分别为20%和15%。一项多中心随机临床试验(NCT01049100)探讨根治性放化疗前手术分期的可行性,纳入255例局部晚期宫颈癌,结果认为,对局部晚期宫颈癌患者行手术分期是安全可行的。NCCN2017指南也对手术分期在局部晚期宫颈癌中的应用做出了推荐。因此,在技术条件保证的前提下,对局部晚期宫颈癌患者行手术分期是安全、可行的。

2.2 前哨淋巴结切除术能否替代系统性淋巴结切除术前哨淋巴结(SLN)是肿瘤淋巴回流的第一站。

理论上讲,如果SLN阴性,其他区域淋巴结即不会转移,从而使80%~90%无淋巴结转移的早期宫颈癌患者免于系统性淋巴结切除术及其带来的并发症。Altgassen等进行一项SLN检测的多中心研究,纳入507例宫颈癌患者,结果显示,SLN检测的总敏感度为77.4%,远低于预期,故认为在宫颈癌患者中SLN检测尚不能完全替代系统性淋巴结切除。然而,有学者对此结论提出质疑,认为该项研究最主要的缺陷在于病例选择,有超过20%的纳入病例为ⅡA~Ⅳ期,当把纳入病例局限于肿瘤直径小于2cm时,SLN检测的敏感度达91%。Wydra等采用联合示踪法对宫颈癌患者进行SLN检测,结果显示,在肿瘤直径小于2cm时,检出率为96%,肿瘤直径大于2cm时,检出率则降至54%,作者认为SLN检出率与肿瘤大小显著相关。一项多中心研究(SENRICOL)对139例ⅠA1~ⅠB1早期宫颈癌患者采用联合示踪法检测SLN,结果SLN检测率达97.8%,敏感度达92%。由此可见,选择合适的患者是SLN准确检测的关键因素,SLN检测更适用于分期较早且肿瘤较小的宫颈癌患者。2017年NCCN宫颈癌指南对Ⅰ期、肿物直径≤2cm的宫颈癌行SLN检测做出了推荐。但由于国内SLN显影技术(包括方法、技术、设备)尚未普及和SLN术中、术后病理检查尚未标准化等原因,目前国内大多数医疗单位尚未开展SLN检测,目前国内前哨淋巴结切除术尚不能替代系统性淋巴结切除术。

2.3 对于ⅠA2~ⅡA2期宫颈癌患者是否行腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样术对于ⅠA2~ⅡA2期宫颈癌患者是否常规行腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样,目前还存在争议。

FIGO与NCCN指南针对这部分患者在腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的问题上意见也不同。NCCN2017指南推荐,ⅠA2~ⅡA2期患者可选择性行腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样术,而FIGO2017指南并未做出推荐。

针对早期宫颈癌行腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的研究并不多见,且报道病例数较少,各研究间结果差异较大,这部分患者腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的确切概率仍不清楚。有研究报道,ⅠB期宫颈癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率较低(约2.0%~6.0%)。有研究报道,病灶直径小于2cm的宫颈癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率约为3%;另有研究报道,ⅠB2期宫颈癌的腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率仅为2%。一项美国妇科肿瘤组(GOG)研究显示,宫颈癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率ⅠB期为5%,Ⅱ期为16%。另外,腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移状态是影响患者生存预后的关键因素。Kim等研究显示,在ⅠB和ⅡA期宫颈癌患者中,如果淋巴结转移在骼总水平以下,5年生存率为84.6%,若淋巴结转移超出盆腔范围,则5年生存率降至20%。

目前应用影像学检查术前评估腹主动脉旁淋巴结状态的可靠性不高,手术切除淋巴结并送病理检查仍为评估腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的金标准。GOG85、120、165研究纳入555例宫颈癌病例,结果显示,行腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术组较影像学评估腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移组有更好的生存预后。因此,在ⅠA2~ⅡA2期宫颈癌患者病情允许、术者手术能力保证的前提下,建议行腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样术,以获得最佳治疗效果。

2.4 对于有淋巴结转移肿大的宫颈癌患者是否行淋巴结切除术目前对于淋巴结转移阳性的宫颈癌患者,系统性淋巴结切除术的治疗价值尚有争议。

一些学者认为,如术中发现肿大可疑转移淋巴结,应放弃手术而选择同步放化疗;而另一些学者认为,这样放弃手术不符合无瘤原则,建议继续手术并彻底切除。Kupets等认为,仅有1%的ⅠB期、2%的ⅡB期、4%的ⅢB期宫颈癌患者能从系统性淋巴结切除术中获益,对淋巴结转移阳性的宫颈癌患者行淋巴结切除要权衡利(生存受益)弊(手术风险)。有学者在156例宫颈癌患者中评估淋巴结切除术对生存预后的价值,结果显示,淋巴结转移肿大切除组、淋巴结微小转移切除组、淋巴结转移未切除组的5年无复发生存率分别为51%、77%、0,并建议在宫颈癌患者放疗前切除转移淋巴结。Cosin等回顾性分析266例在放疗前行腹膜外盆腔和腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术的宫颈癌患者,发现切除转移肿大淋巴结并行术后辅助放疗患者的生存预后与淋巴结微小转移者相当,但不切除肿大淋巴结者均复发。Pieterse等发现,虽然在无淋巴结转移的宫颈癌患者中切除淋巴结与否对生存无影响,但对于有淋巴结转移者,增加淋巴结的切除数目可以显著提高患者的无疾病生存率。因此,作者提倡行彻底的淋巴结切除术。另外,有淋巴结转移肿大的宫颈癌患者无论是否行淋巴结切除,均需行放射治疗,而常规放射治疗剂量不足以杀伤转移肿大(直径>2cm)淋巴结内的肿瘤细胞。因此,我们建议对有淋巴结转移肿大的宫颈癌患者,在技术条件允许、保证手术安全的前提下应尽量彻底切除淋巴结,尤其应切除转移肿大的淋巴结。

2.5 腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术上界是肠系膜下动脉水平还是肾血管水平对于子宫内膜癌或卵巢癌,腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术需达到肾血管水平。

那么对于有指征的宫颈癌患者行腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术是否需达到肾血管水平呢?宫颈癌淋巴结转移一般是沿着淋巴结链逐级向上发展,跳跃式转移少见。Ouldamer等发现,盆腔淋巴结转移阴性时腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率较低(约1.09%),肠系膜下动脉(IMA)以下腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移阴性时,IMA以上转移少见(约1.36%)。Altintas等对128例宫颈癌患者行腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术,手术切除上界达双侧肾静脉水平,以IMA为界分为上下两组,结果显示,15例IMA水平以下转移的患者均无IMA以上的淋巴结转移,5例IMA以上有转移的患者均有IMA以下的淋巴结转移。对宫颈癌患者行腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的目的为手术分期,以指导术后辅助治疗。另外,对于腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移阳性的宫颈癌患者,术后辅助放疗延伸野应涵盖IMA以上腹主动脉区域。因此,对于早期宫颈癌患者,腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除上界达IMA已经足够。

2.6 淋巴结切除的手术路径选择开腹、腹腔镜还是机器人经腹淋巴结切除术被认为是金标准术式。

那么腹腔镜或机器人辅助腹腔镜方式是否安全、可行?一种针对肿瘤的新手术方式是否可行,需与传统手术方式比较其手术安全性和肿瘤学安全性。围绕这些关键问题,国内外开展了多项相关研究。目前就腹腔镜下淋巴结切除术的手术安全性及肿瘤学安全性已基本达成共识,认为腹腔镜下淋巴结切除术可以获得与经腹手术相当的肿瘤学结局,且腹腔镜手术并不增加手术并发症,具有相对的手术安全性,NCCN2017指南亦对该手术方式作出推荐。机器人辅助腹腔镜近年来逐渐被应用于宫颈癌的手术治疗中。一项Meta分析显示:机器人辅助腹腔镜与腹腔镜手术的术中及短期术后并发症发生率相当。与开腹手术比较,机器人辅助腹腔镜手术可获得更少的出血量、更短的住院时间、更少的切口并发症。另有新近研究显示,机器人辅助腹腔镜手术与经腹手术可获得相当的肿瘤学结局。一项大样本、多中心、随机对照试验(NCT00614211)正在进行中,该研究的首要目标为比较开腹和腹腔镜及机器人用于宫颈癌手术治疗的手术安全性及肿瘤学安全性,目前尚无定论。

虽然有关宫颈癌淋巴结切除尚存在争议,但宫颈癌的治疗应该是在遵循原则的前提下个体化治疗,依据手术医生的技术特长、医疗单位的条件、患者及病情个体化地选择手术方式,目的只有一个,使宫颈癌患者获得最佳的生存预后和手术安全性。

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#插入话题
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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893591, encodeId=485818935918d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cecf94e17f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#适应证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94717, encryptionId=cecf94e17f9, topicName=适应证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Fri Sep 21 02:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276906, encodeId=9b932e690603, content=不错的文章.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 13:54:13 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276777, encodeId=8f422e677779, content=深度好文.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/31/a88428e95e462b5a95499ced50b4325e.jpg, createdBy=60182225250, createdName=15121100f4m, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 06:53:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293021, encodeId=87ea129302192, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df626600877' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴结#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66008, encryptionId=df626600877, topicName=淋巴结)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408095, encodeId=67be1408095c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275815, encodeId=88c42e5815ba, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:01:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-09 虈亣靌

    不错的文章.值得拥有

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893591, encodeId=485818935918d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cecf94e17f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#适应证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94717, encryptionId=cecf94e17f9, topicName=适应证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Fri Sep 21 02:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276906, encodeId=9b932e690603, content=不错的文章.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 13:54:13 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276777, encodeId=8f422e677779, content=深度好文.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/31/a88428e95e462b5a95499ced50b4325e.jpg, createdBy=60182225250, createdName=15121100f4m, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 06:53:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293021, encodeId=87ea129302192, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df626600877' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴结#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66008, encryptionId=df626600877, topicName=淋巴结)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408095, encodeId=67be1408095c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275815, encodeId=88c42e5815ba, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:01:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-09 15121100f4m

    深度好文.谢谢分享

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893591, encodeId=485818935918d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cecf94e17f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#适应证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94717, encryptionId=cecf94e17f9, topicName=适应证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Fri Sep 21 02:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276906, encodeId=9b932e690603, content=不错的文章.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 13:54:13 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276777, encodeId=8f422e677779, content=深度好文.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/31/a88428e95e462b5a95499ced50b4325e.jpg, createdBy=60182225250, createdName=15121100f4m, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 06:53:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293021, encodeId=87ea129302192, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df626600877' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴结#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66008, encryptionId=df626600877, topicName=淋巴结)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408095, encodeId=67be1408095c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275815, encodeId=88c42e5815ba, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:01:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-07 sodoo
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893591, encodeId=485818935918d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cecf94e17f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#适应证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94717, encryptionId=cecf94e17f9, topicName=适应证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Fri Sep 21 02:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276906, encodeId=9b932e690603, content=不错的文章.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 13:54:13 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276777, encodeId=8f422e677779, content=深度好文.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/31/a88428e95e462b5a95499ced50b4325e.jpg, createdBy=60182225250, createdName=15121100f4m, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 06:53:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293021, encodeId=87ea129302192, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df626600877' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴结#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66008, encryptionId=df626600877, topicName=淋巴结)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408095, encodeId=67be1408095c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275815, encodeId=88c42e5815ba, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:01:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-07 一闲
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893591, encodeId=485818935918d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cecf94e17f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#适应证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94717, encryptionId=cecf94e17f9, topicName=适应证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=685a124, createdName=muzishouyi, createdTime=Fri Sep 21 02:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276906, encodeId=9b932e690603, content=不错的文章.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 13:54:13 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276777, encodeId=8f422e677779, content=深度好文.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/31/a88428e95e462b5a95499ced50b4325e.jpg, createdBy=60182225250, createdName=15121100f4m, createdTime=Tue Jan 09 06:53:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293021, encodeId=87ea129302192, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df626600877' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淋巴结#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66008, encryptionId=df626600877, topicName=淋巴结)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408095, encodeId=67be1408095c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 10:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275815, encodeId=88c42e5815ba, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:01:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-05 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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上海已有14个区可接种二价宫颈癌疫苗,明年初覆盖至全市

翘首以盼宫颈癌疫苗(HPV疫苗)已于11月8日开针了!现在上海已经有14个区可以接种HPV疫苗了,接下来金山和奉贤区也将在明年年初提供接种。几大关于HPV疫苗的常见问题Q:HPV疫苗是什么?A:宫颈癌疫苗的学名叫人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗。HPV是一种主要侵犯人体皮肤粘膜的病毒,主要通过性传播。只要有性生活,就可能感染HPV。除了宫颈癌,HPV还可以引起人类生殖器官湿疣、外阴癌、阴茎癌、肛门癌等。

国产宫颈癌疫苗蓄势待发!探秘大肠杆菌疫苗工厂 ——专访厦门大学公共卫生学院院长夏宁邵教授

一个世纪以前,肿瘤病毒研究先驱Rous Peyton率先提出无细胞过滤因子可致禽类肉瘤,语出惊人的实验结论并未引起世人的关注与认可;半个世纪后,耄耋之年的Rous Peyton才因此研究而获得诺贝尔奖。时至今日,多种导致动物肿瘤的病毒被先后确认,而HPV病毒与女性宫颈癌之间的关联无疑最为引人注目。

中国宫颈癌防治研究20年历程

我国宫颈癌防治的20年历程。

四价宫颈癌疫苗“首批”名单公布!宫颈癌疫苗到底该不该打?

由于国内宫颈癌疫苗引入较晚,很多女性选择到国外或者香港等地去打这一疫苗。但这样长途奔波到底划不划算呢?

宫颈癌四价疫苗预约排队达2万余人,二价疫苗相对冷清

四价HPV疫苗自11月27日长沙上市以来,成为不少女性市民选择的热门疫苗。记者从疾控部门推出的疫苗预约平台了解到,目前长沙预约疫苗的人数已达2万多人,排到了27700多号以后。而不少社区卫生服务中心需要预约排队接种,有的已经登记了100多个电话,需要排到明年才可以接种。有接种需求的市民最好拨打就近的社区卫生服务中心电话进行咨询或排队。截至目前,包括岳麓区银盆岭街道社区卫生服务中心、天心区青园街道社